Flood Risk Management: Exploring the Impacts of the Community Rating System Program on Poverty and Income Inequality
Flood Risk Management: Exploring the Impacts of the Community Rating System Program on Poverty and Income Inequality
复制标题
洪水风险管理:探索社区评级系统计划对贫困和收入不平等的影响
DOI:
10.1111/risa.12853
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
影响因子:
3.8
通讯作者:
Sadiq, Abdul‐Akeem A.
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Noonan, Douglas S.;Sadiq, Abdul‐Akeem A.
Flooding remains a major problem for the United States, causing numerous deaths and damaging countless properties. To reduce the impact of flooding on communities, the U.S. government established the Community Rating System (CRS) in 1990 to reduce flood damages by incentivizing communities to engage in flood risk management initiatives that surpass those required by the National Flood Insurance Program. In return, communities enjoy discounted flood insurance premiums. Despite the fact that the CRS raises concerns about the potential for unevenly distributed impacts across different income groups, no study has examined the equity implications of the CRS. This study thus investigates the possibility of unintended consequences of the CRS by answering the question: What is the effect of the CRS on poverty and income inequality? Understanding the impacts of the CRS on poverty and income inequality is useful in fully assessing the unintended consequences of the CRS. The study estimates four fixed‐effects regression models using a panel data set of neighborhood‐level observations from 1970 to 2010. The results indicate that median incomes are lower in CRS communities, but rise in floodplains. Also, the CRS attracts poor residents, but relocates them away from floodplains. Additionally, the CRS attracts top earners, including in floodplains. Finally, the CRS encourages income inequality, but discourages income inequality in floodplains. A better understanding of these unintended consequences of the CRS on poverty and income inequality can help to improve the design and performance of the CRS and, ultimately, increase community resilience to flood disasters.
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DOI:
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