Flood Risk Management: Exploring the Impacts of the Community Rating System Program on Poverty and Income Inequality

Flood Risk Management: Exploring the Impacts of the Community Rating System Program on Poverty and Income Inequality
复制标题

洪水风险管理:探索社区评级系统计划对贫困和收入不平等的影响

DOI:
10.1111/risa.12853
复制
发表时间:
2017
期刊:
影响因子:
3.8
通讯作者:
Sadiq, Abdul‐Akeem A.
Sadiq, Abdul‐Akeem A.
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Noonan, Douglas S.;Sadiq, Abdul‐Akeem A.

文献摘要

参考文献

被引文献

相似文献

洪水仍然是美国的一个主要问题,造成许多人死亡,无数财产受损。为了减少洪水对社区的影响,美国政府于1990年建立了社区评级系统(CRS),通过激励社区参与洪水风险管理计划来减少洪水损失,这些计划超过了国家洪水保险计划的要求。作为回报,社区享受折扣洪水保险费。尽管CRS引起了人们对不同收入群体之间潜在的不均匀分布影响的关注,但没有研究探讨CRS的公平影响。因此,本研究通过回答以下问题来调查CRS意外后果的可能性:CRS对贫困和收入不平等的影响是什么?了解CRS对贫困和收入不平等的影响有助于全面评估CRS的意外后果。该研究使用1970年至2010年的邻域水平观测的面板数据集估计了四个固定效应回归模型。结果表明,CRS社区的收入中位数较低,但在洪泛区上升。此外,CRS吸引了贫困居民,但将他们从洪泛区搬迁。此外,CRS吸引了高收入者,包括在洪泛区。最后,CRS鼓励收入不平等,但不鼓励洪泛区的收入不平等。更好地了解CRS对贫困和收入不平等的这些意外后果,有助于改善CRS的设计和绩效,并最终提高社区对洪水灾害的抵御能力。
Flooding remains a major problem for the United States, causing numerous deaths and damaging countless properties. To reduce the impact of flooding on communities, the U.S. government established the Community Rating System (CRS) in 1990 to reduce flood damages by incentivizing communities to engage in flood risk management initiatives that surpass those required by the National Flood Insurance Program. In return, communities enjoy discounted flood insurance premiums. Despite the fact that the CRS raises concerns about the potential for unevenly distributed impacts across different income groups, no study has examined the equity implications of the CRS. This study thus investigates the possibility of unintended consequences of the CRS by answering the question: What is the effect of the CRS on poverty and income inequality? Understanding the impacts of the CRS on poverty and income inequality is useful in fully assessing the unintended consequences of the CRS. The study estimates four fixed‐effects regression models using a panel data set of neighborhood‐level observations from 1970 to 2010. The results indicate that median incomes are lower in CRS communities, but rise in floodplains. Also, the CRS attracts poor residents, but relocates them away from floodplains. Additionally, the CRS attracts top earners, including in floodplains. Finally, the CRS encourages income inequality, but discourages income inequality in floodplains. A better understanding of these unintended consequences of the CRS on poverty and income inequality can help to improve the design and performance of the CRS and, ultimately, increase community resilience to flood disasters.
贫穷的岁月,富裕的岁月
DOI: --
发表时间: 1985
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
G. Bird;G. Duncan
通讯作者: G. Duncan
洪水与幸福:来自保加利亚的经验证据。
DOI: --
发表时间: 2016
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
Filka Sekulova;J. Bergh
通讯作者: J. Bergh
环境正义的证据:环境正义研究实践的批判视角和政策设计的教训*
DOI: --
发表时间: 2008
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
D. Noonan
通讯作者: D. Noonan
DOI: 10.3368/le.84.3.434
发表时间: 2008-08-01
期刊: LAND ECONOMICS
影响因子: 1.4
作者:
Bin, Okmyung;Crawford, Thomas W.;Landry, Craig E.
通讯作者: Landry, Craig E.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhe.2013.04.001
发表时间: 2013-06-01
影响因子: 2.4
作者:
Whitaker, Stephan;Fitzpatrick, Thomas J.
通讯作者: Fitzpatrick, Thomas J.