The impact of straw mulching and salvage logging on post-fire runoff and soil erosion generation under Mediterranean climate conditions.
The impact of straw mulching and salvage logging on post-fire runoff and soil erosion generation under Mediterranean climate conditions.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.161
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发表时间：
2019-03
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通讯作者：
M. Lucas‐Borja;J. González‐Romero;P. Plaza‐Álvarez;Javier Sagra;M. Gómez;D. Moya;A. Cerdà;J. de las Heras
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作者：
M. Lucas‐Borja;J. González‐Romero;P. Plaza‐Álvarez;Javier Sagra;M. Gómez;D. Moya;A. Cerdà;J. de las Heras
森林火灾影响的景观增加了径流的突然排放、高泥沙负荷和极端的土壤侵蚀率。可以采用不同的土壤稳定处理，例如覆盖，以避免野火后的径流和土壤侵蚀。为了描述火灾后的土壤侵蚀速率和产流，我们在西班牙Lietor选择了一个受野火影响的地中海森林，在12个200 m2（10 × 20 m）的样地中测定了产沙量（干沙（DS）、总悬浮沙（TSS）、总溶解沙（TDS））和径流流量。野火发生后，6个地块被稻草覆盖，另外6个地块作为对照。火灾发生3个月后，开展采伐活动，试验设计为覆盖 + 伐木（3个重复）、不覆盖 + 伐木（3个重复）、不覆盖 + 不伐木（3个重复）和覆盖 + 不伐木（3个重复）。在野火发生后和抢伐前，秸秆覆盖控制了土壤侵蚀速率（DS、TSS和TDS），但秸秆对径流流量没有影响。在打捞采伐后的一段时间内，各处理的径流量也没有差异。DS在未覆盖和未采伐地块均较高，TSS在未覆盖地块（采伐或未采伐地块）最高。地膜和未伐地的TDS较高。研究结果表明，秸秆覆盖是控制山火后土壤流失的有效措施。此外，在野火发生后3 个月进行的伐木作业并不一定会产生更高的DS、TSS、TDS率，这主要是因为用于森林作业的机械类型。
Forest fires-affected landscapes enhance sudden runoff discharges, high sediment loads and extreme soil erosion rates. Different soil stabilisation treatments, such as mulching, can be applied to avoid runoff and soil erosion after wildfires. To characterise the post-fire soil erosion rates and runoff generation, we selected a Mediterranean forest affected by a wildfire in Lietor (Spain) to determine the sediment yield (dry sediment (DS), total suspended sediment (TSS), total dissolved sediment (TDS)) and runoff discharge in twelve 200 m2(10 × 20 m) plots. Immediately after the wildfire, six plots were covered by straw and six other plots were set up as controls. Three months after the wildfire, logging activities were performed and the experimental designs were as follows: mulching + logging (three replicates), non-mulching + logging (three replicates), non-mulching + non-logging (three replicates) and mulching + non-logging (three replicates). During the period after wildfire and before salvage logging, the straw mulch controlled the soil erosion rates (DS, TSS and TDS) versus the non-mulched plots, but straw had no real impact on runoff discharge. For the period after salvage logging, once again runoff did not differ when comparing all the treatments. DS was higher in the non-mulched and non-logging plots, whereas the highest TSS was found in the non-mulched plots (in logged or non-logged plots). TDS was higher in the mulched and non-logged plots. We conclude that straw mulch is efficient management in recent fire-affected mountainous terrains to control soil loss immediately after wildfire. Moreover, logging operations done 3 months after wildfire did not necessary generate higher DS, TSS, TDS rates, mainly because of the type of machinery used for forest operations.