Virtual-physical power flow method for cyber-physical power system contingency and vulnerability assessment
Virtual-physical power flow method for cyber-physical power system contingency and vulnerability assessment
复制标题
信息物理电力系统应急与脆弱性评估的虚拟物理潮流方法
作者：
Qiu D
随着信息和通信技术的集成，传统电力系统已经发展成为网络物理电力系统（CPPS）。CPPS可以被认为是一个典型的分层控制系统，可以分为两个部分：电网和通信网络。CPPS将面临新的脆弱性，这些脆弱性可能会导致网络突发事件和连锁反应。针对这一问题，提出了一种用于CPPS脆弱性评估的虚拟物理潮流（VPPF）方法。所提出的方法包含双重潮流，一个是模拟来自决策单元的虚拟潮流，另一个是模拟物理潮流。此外，提出了一种新的分层控制模型，包括四个层次的CPPS：物理层，二次设备层，区域控制层，国家控制层。该模型是基于IEEE的测试用例，使用MATPOWER提供的数据和结构。拒绝服务（DoS）和虚假数据注入（FDI）被模拟为CPPS中的两种主要网络攻击。提出了一种新的脆弱性指标，包括系统电压，网络延迟，节点介数作为三个关键指标。这是一个全面的适应性指数，因为它涵盖了网络和物理系统的特征，并可应用于多种类型的网络攻击。脆弱性评估的结果在CPPS的国家和区域控制结构中进行比较，以评估网络物理节点的脆弱性。
Traditional power systems have evolved into cyber‐physical power systems (CPPS) with the integration of information and communication technologies. CPPS can be considered as a typical hierarchical control system that can be divided into two parts: the power grid and the communication network. CPPS will face new vulnerabilities which can have network contingencies and cascading consequences. To address this challenge, a virtual‐physical power flow (VPPF) method is proposed for the vulnerability assessment of CPPS. The proposed method contains dual power flows, one is to simulate a virtual power flow from decision‐making units, and the other is to simulate a physical power flow. In addition, a novel hierarchical control model is proposed that includes four layers of CPPS: the physical layer, the secondary device layer, the regional control layer, and the national control layer. The model is based on IEEE test cases using data and structures provided by MATPOWER. Denial‐of‐service (DoS) and false data injection (FDI) are simulated as two major cyber‐attacks in CPPS. A novel vulnerability index is proposed that consists of system voltage, network latency, and node betweenness as three key indicators. This is a comprehensive and adaptive index because it encompasses both cyber and physical system characteristics and can be applied to several types of cyber‐attacks. The results of the vulnerability assessment are compared in national and regional control structures of CPPS to evaluate the vulnerability of cyber‐physical nodes.