The 1952 Lynmouth floods revisited
The 1952 Lynmouth floods revisited
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1952 年林茅斯洪水重温
DOI：
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Wilman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. B. Mcginnigle;Sutton Coldfield;D. Wilman
1952年8月15日星期五晚上，一场前所未有的灾难袭击了位于英格兰西南部德文郡北海岸的林茅斯村。从图1中可以看出，林茅斯位于两条河流的交汇处，即西林恩河和东林恩河。这两条河流都穿过深深切割的渠道，两边都有陡峭的斜坡，特别是在下游;两条河流都由许多发源于南部埃克斯穆尔高地的小溪流注入。这意味着约200公里的区域通过林茅斯村中心排入布里斯托海峡。除了河道切割和沿海正面，村庄被陡峭的山坡和悬崖紧紧包围。一本权威的书（Delderfield 1953）详细描述了影响林茅斯地区的一系列灾难性事件，包括许多个人描述和一些“之前”和“之后”的照片。简而言之，书中报告称，八月上半月的大量降雨已经将该地区的地下水位提高到非常高的水平。到8月中旬，观察到水库和湖泊满溢;整个地区的河流和小溪都被发现水位上涨，水流湍急。15日出现了持续和强烈的降雨，在该地区产生了非常大的降雨总量。这大量的雨水无法容纳在埃克斯穆尔的高地上，两条河流很快就变成了汹涌的洪流。下游出现了山洪暴发的高度危险局面，在林茅斯村上方的河道中最为严重。在这一点上，不断增加的洪水被迫通过狭窄的河道，据报道已经获得超过10米的深度。就这样，几次“海啸”袭击了林茅斯的村庄，它们的破坏力因大量从±大的高地上刮下来的移动碎片而增强。
During the night of Friday 15 August 1952, an unprecedented disaster struck the village of Lynmouth, situated on the north Devon coast of south-west England. In Fig. 1 it can be seen that Lynmouth lies at the confluence of two rivers, the West Lyn and the East Lyn. Both rivers run through deeply cut channels with steep slopes rising on each side, especially in their lower reaches; both are fed by numerous smaller streams that originate in the high ground of Exmoor to the south. This means that an area of some 200 km is drained into the Bristol Channel through the centre of the village of Lynmouth. Apart from the river channel cuttings and the coastal frontage, the village is surrounded closely by steep slopes and cliffs. A definitive book (Delderfield 1953) describes in detail the disastrous sequence of events which affected the Lynmouth area, including many personal accounts and a number of `before’ and `after’ photographs. In brief summary, the book reports that considerable rainfall during the first half of August had already raised the area water-table to very high levels. By mid-August, full reservoirs and lakes were observed; rivers and streams throughout the area were seen to be swollen and fast-flowing. The 15th saw prolonged and intense rain which produced very large rainfall totals in the area. This large quantity of rainwater could not be contained on the high ground of Exmoor and both rivers quickly became raging torrents. Downstream, a highly dangerous situation of flash floods developed; this became most intense in the river channels immediately above the village of Lynmouth. At this point, the increasing flood water was forced through narrowing river channels and is reported to have acquired depths in excess of 10m. Thus several `tidal waves’ burst upon the village of Lynmouth, their destructive force augmented by vast quantities of moving debris which had been torn from the higher ground above ± large