Humans, fish, spiders and bees inherited working memory and attention from their last common ancestor.
Humans, fish, spiders and bees inherited working memory and attention from their last common ancestor.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2022.937712
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Earl, Brian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Earl, Brian
所有产生行为的大脑过程，除了反射，都是以处于“激活”状态的信息运作的。这种被激活的信息被称为工作记忆（WM），是由注意过程对输入信息或先前存储在短期或长期记忆（STM或LTM）中的信息的影响产生的。工作记忆中的信息往往仍然是注意力的焦点;工作记忆、注意力和短时记忆一起使信息能够被心理过程和随之而来的行为所利用。WM和注意力支撑着所有灵活的心理过程，例如解决问题，做出选择，为可能在附近的机会或威胁做准备，或者只是找到回家的路。工作记忆和注意力都不一定是有意识的，它们可能在有意识之前很久就已经进化出来了。WM和注意力具有类似的特性，人类、射水鱼和其他脊椎动物、跳蛛、蜜蜂和其他节肢动物以及其他分支的成员都拥有WM和注意力，这些分支的最后一个共同祖先（LCA）被认为生活在6亿多年前。据报道，非常相似的基因控制脊椎动物和节肢动物大脑的发育，并且可能从它们的LCA遗传。控制大脑发育的基因是保守的，因为大脑会产生适应性行为。然而，产生行为的神经过程与工作记忆中的激活信息一起运作，因此工作记忆和注意力必须在大脑进化之前就已经存在。有人提出，工作记忆和注意力在动物物种中广泛存在，因为它们是遗传上保守的机制，对所有的心理处理都是必不可少的，并且是从脊椎动物、节肢动物和其他一些动物分支的LCA遗传而来的。
All brain processes that generate behaviour, apart from reflexes, operate with information that is in an “activated” state. This activated information, which is known as working memory (WM), is generated by the effect of attentional processes on incoming information or information previously stored in short-term or long-term memory (STM or LTM). Information in WM tends to remain the focus of attention; and WM, attention and STM together enable information to be available to mental processes and the behaviours that follow on from them. WM and attention underpin all flexible mental processes, such as solving problems, making choices, preparing for opportunities or threats that could be nearby, or simply finding the way home. Neither WM nor attention are necessarily conscious, and both may have evolved long before consciousness. WM and attention, with similar properties, are possessed by humans, archerfish, and other vertebrates; jumping spiders, honey bees, and other arthropods; and members of other clades, whose last common ancestor (LCA) is believed to have lived more than 600 million years ago. It has been reported that very similar genes control the development of vertebrate and arthropod brains, and were likely inherited from their LCA. Genes that control brain development are conserved because brains generate adaptive behaviour. However, the neural processes that generate behaviour operate with the activated information in WM, so WM and attention must have existed prior to the evolution of brains. It is proposed that WM and attention are widespread amongst animal species because they are phylogenetically conserved mechanisms that are essential to all mental processing, and were inherited from the LCA of vertebrates, arthropods, and some other animal clades.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Hughes HC;Caplovitz GP;Loucks RA;Fendrich R
通讯作者：
Fendrich R
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Salvato G;De Maio G;Bottini G
通讯作者：
Bottini G