Supermarkets and produce quality and safety standards in Latin America
Supermarkets and produce quality and safety standards in Latin America
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DOI：
10.1111/j.0092-5853.2003.00521.x
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Reardon, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balsevich, F;Berdegué, JA;Reardon, T
拉丁美洲的超级市场正在对主要供应国内市场的新鲜水果和蔬菜的生产者实行质量和安全标准。本文综合了一系列拉丁美洲国家最近的案例研究。范围包括巴西、哥斯达黎加、危地马拉和尼加拉瓜--范围按家庭收入、超市在整个食品零售中的份额以及国内公共卫生标准从高到低的顺序排列。这项研究是基于实地考察，在巴西超过2002年和中美洲在2002年11月至2003年2月，包括采访连锁超市，批发商和供应商。问题主要集中在采购实践和标准的制定与应用方面。本文首先分析了FFV标准文献中的”贸易偏见”，并指出有必要密切关注超市在制定国内供应商质量和安全标准方面的作用。这一作用既是一个被忽视的研究领域，也是一个重要的研究领域，因为拉丁美洲的超级市场从当地生产商那里购买的产品远远超过从拉丁美洲出口到世界其他地区的产品。下一节重点讨论这些国家超级市场连锁店不断变化的采购制度，表明从依赖传统批发商转向集中采购和”专业批发商”，
Supermarkets in Latin America are imposing standards of quality and safety on producers of fresh fruits and vegetables (FFV) mainly for the domestic market. This paper is a synthe-sis of recent case studies from a range of Latin American countries. The range includes Brazil, Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Nicaragua-the range being in decreasing order of household income, share of supermarkets in overall food retail, and from strongest to weakest domestic public health standards. The research is based on fieldwork in Brazil over 2002 and in Central America during November 2002 to February 2003, including interviews with supermarket chains, wholesalers, and suppliers. The questions focused on procurement practices and formulation and application of standards.The paper begins by analyzing the" trade bias" in the literature on FFV standards and argues for the need to pay close attention to the role of supermarkets in setting quality and safety standards for domestic suppliers. This role is both a neglected area of research and an important one because supermarkets in Latin America buy far more from local producers than is exported from Latin America to the rest of the world. The next section focuses on changing procurement systems of supermar-ket chains in those countries, showing that the shift from reliance on traditional wholesalers to centralized procurement and" specialized wholesalers" gives supermarkets the incentive