Developments in Vaccination for Herpes Simplex Virus.
Developments in Vaccination for Herpes Simplex Virus.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2021.798927
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Stuart PM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krishnan R;Stuart PM
单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）是一种α疱疹病毒，有两种亚型：HSV-1和HSV-2。HSV是最常见的性传播感染之一。它是严重新生儿感染的原因，也是西方世界传染性失明的主要原因。截至2016年，全球15-49岁人群中有13.2%存在HSV-2感染，66.6%存在HSV-1感染。这种疾病的高患病率和对当前疗法的耐药性正在上升的事实使得开发和发现HSV预防和管理的新方法势在必行。在针对该病毒的疗法/治疗的武器库中，已经开发了预防性或治疗性疫苗以预防HSV再活化的并发症。我们目前对潜伏期和再激活所涉及的免疫反应的理解为疫苗的开发提供了独特的挑战。目前没有批准的疫苗可用于预防或治疗。然而，在临床前和临床研究阶段有各种有前途的候选药物。目前正在开发的疫苗有两大重点：预防性和治疗性，有些疫苗具有免疫和预防双重用途。在这篇文章中，我们将审查目前的单纯疱疹病毒感染的治疗指南，我们对所涉及的免疫途径的理解，以及开发中的新疫苗候选人。
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is an alpha herpes virus, with two subtypes: HSV-1 and HSV-2. HSV is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections. It is the cause of severe neonatal infections and a leading cause of infectious blindness in the Western world. As of 2016, 13.2% of the global population ages 15–49 were existing with HSV-2 infection and 66.6% with HSV-1. This high prevalence of disease and the fact that resistance to current therapies is on the rise makes it imperative to develop and discover new methods of HSV prevention and management. Among the arsenal of therapies/treatments for this virus has been the development of a prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine to prevent the complications of HSV reactivation. Our current understanding of the immune responses involved in latency and reactivation provides a unique challenge to the development of vaccines. There are no approved vaccines currently available for either prophylaxis or therapy. However, there are various promising candidates in the pre-clinical and clinical phases of study. Vaccines are being developed with two broad focuses: preventative and therapeutic, some with a dual use as both immunotherapeutic and prophylactic. Within this article, we will review the current guidelines for the treatment of herpes simplex infections, our understanding of the immunological pathways involved, and novel vaccine candidates in development.
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