Controls of Variability in the Laurentian Great Lakes Terrestrial Water Budget
Controls of Variability in the Laurentian Great Lakes Terrestrial Water Budget
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DOI：
10.1029/2022wr033759
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发表时间：
2023-09
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
S. Minallah;Allison L. Steiner;Valeriy Y. Ivanov;Andrew W. Wood
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Minallah;Allison L. Steiner;Valeriy Y. Ivanov;Andrew W. Wood
北美五大湖地区的地表水文学调节着生态系统的可用水量、湖泊水位、植被动态和农业实践。在本研究中，我们使用 Noah-MP 地表模型分析五大湖陆地水收支，以描述流域水文状况，并确定导致地表水文变异的主要数量。我们表明，五大湖域的水文并不均匀，日、月和年时间尺度的水文预算调节器存在强烈的时空差异。从次季节来看，降水和土壤湿度几乎解释了南部盆地的所有陆地水收支变化，而北部纬度地区则以降雪为主。季节评估揭示了流域之间更大的差异。降水、蒸发和径流是低纬度地区变化的主要来源，而在高纬度地区，以地面积雪和土壤湿度形式存在的陆地水储存起着主导作用。土地覆盖分类（例如农田、森林或城市区域）的差异进一步导致水文特征的空间差异。这种对不同时间尺度陆地水循环变异性的量化对于评估气候和土地覆盖变化对五大湖地区不同水文气候的流域敏感性的影响非常重要。
The land surface hydrology of the North American Great Lakes region regulates ecosystem water availability, lake levels, vegetation dynamics, and agricultural practices. In this study, we analyze the Great Lakes terrestrial water budget using the Noah‐MP land surface model to characterize the catchment hydrological regimes and identify the dominant quantities contributing to the variability in the land surface hydrology. We show that the Great Lakes domain is not hydrologically uniform and strong spatiotemporal differences exist in the regulators of the hydrological budget at daily, monthly, and annual timescales. Subseasonally, precipitation and soil moisture explain nearly all the terrestrial water budget variability in the southern basins, while the northern latitudes are snow‐dominated regimes. Seasonal assessments reveal greater differences among the basins. Precipitation, evaporation, and runoff are the dominant sources of variability at lower latitudes, while at higher latitudes, terrestrial water storage in the form of ground snowpack and soil moisture has the leading role. Differences in land cover categorizations, for example, croplands, forests, or urban zones, further induce spatial differences in the hydrological characteristics. This quantification of variability in the terrestrial water cycle embedded at different temporal scales is important to assess the impacts of changes in climate and land cover on catchment sensitivities across the diverse hydroclimate of the Great Lakes region.