Die Entstehung des periphrastischen Perfekts mit haben und sein im Deutschen – eine längst beantwortete Frage?
Die Entstehung des periphrastischen Perfekts mit haben und sein im Deutschen – eine längst beantwortete Frage?
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Die Entstehung des periphrastischen Perfekts mit haben und sein im Deutschen – eine längst beantwortete Frage？
DOI：
10.1515/zfsw.2009.027
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Peter Öhl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Peter Öhl
摘要：过去分词+ have或be这类完成时态的兴起是语法化研究中特别有前景的现象。首先，它涉及句法再分析和词汇重新分类的几个步骤，从而产生特定结构的助动词形式。这样就可以得出关于语法化过程的一般结论。其次，这是日耳曼语和罗曼语融合的语法变化。这就可以得出关于这类变化背后的普遍条件的结论。第三，在德语中，这种上升发生得相当晚，时间也相对较短。这样就可以观察到新生状态的周而复始。在本文中，语法化过程在生成语法的正式框架中建模和解释，同时考虑到基于性能的变化和上下文方面，为语法的相关变化提供了条件。主要的主张是，这一语法化的过程被一个突然的参数变化所终止，导致了一种句法上重新分析的分析转折形式和作为助词的have的重新分类。其结果是形成了一个完整的间接完成时态范例。这一语法变化的先决条件是一系列基于性能的变化和小的形式重新分析，使这一过程具有渐进的性质。
Abstract The rise of the periphrastic perfect tenses – past participle + have or be – is a phenomenon for which the analysis is especially promising with regards to the research on grammaticalisation. Firstly, it involved several steps of syntactic reanalysis and lexical recategorisation leading to a construction-specific auxiliary verb form. This allows for conclusions to be drawn about processes involved in grammaticalisation in general. Secondly, it is a grammatical change in which both Germanic and Romance languages converged. This allows for conclusions about universal conditions underlying such kinds of change. Thirdly, in German, the rise occurred rather late and within a relatively short period of time. This allows for the observation of the periphrasis in statu nascendi. In this paper, the grammaticalisation process is modeled and explained in a formal framework of generative syntax, also taking into account performance-based changes and contextual aspects providing the conditions for the relevant changes in the grammar. The main claim is that this process of grammaticalisation was terminated by an abrupt parametric change, leading to a syntactically reanalysed form of analytic inflection and the recategorisation of have as an auxiliary. The result was a full paradigm of periphrastic perfect tense. The preconditions for this grammatical change were provided by a sequence of performance-based changes and minor formal reanalyses, giving the process its gradual nature.