Simple Mechanisms of Plant Reproductive Benefits Yield Different Dynamics in Pollination and Seed Dispersal Mutualisms

Simple Mechanisms of Plant Reproductive Benefits Yield Different Dynamics in Pollination and Seed Dispersal Mutualisms
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植物繁殖效益的简单机制在授粉和种子传播互利作用中产生不同的动力

DOI:
10.1086/720204
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
The American Naturalist
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Valdovinos, Fernanda S.
Valdovinos, Fernanda S.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hale, Kayla R.;Maes, Daniel P.;Valdovinos, Fernanda S.

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花粉和种子传播相互作用对生物多样性和生态系统服务至关重要,但它们面临着人类干扰造成的日益严重的威胁,这些干扰导致它们的种群减少。当种群密度较低时,描述这些互惠的动态对于预测这些扰动的后果是很重要的。我们开发了简单的人口动态模型详细到足以区分不同的机制,植物种群受益于动物授粉或种子传播。我们建模的好处作为觅食率的函数,动物对植物的奖励,并指定它们是否影响植物种子集,发芽,或负密度依赖在招聘。我们发现,授粉和种子传播的互惠是稳定的,在高密度,但在低密度表现出不同的动态,这取决于植物承载能力,动物觅食效率,以及人口是否是强制性的对他们的合作伙伴的持久性。在某些条件下,所有的互惠关系都会经历一个不稳定的临界点,在这个临界点上,一个种群的数量会下降,因为它的伴侣太稀少了。植物在专性授粉时也会经历Allee效应。最后,当植物对传粉者是兼性的时,授粉互惠在低密度或高密度下都可以表现出共生共存。从我们的模型中获得的见解可以为保护工作提供信息,因为互利主义者的数量在全球范围内继续下降。
Pollination and seed dispersal mutualisms are critical for biodiversity and ecosystem services yet face mounting threats from anthropogenic perturbations that cause their populations to decline. Characterizing the dynamics of these mutualisms when populations are at low density is important to anticipate consequences of these perturbations. We developed simple population dynamic models detailed enough to distinguish different mechanisms by which plant populations benefit from animal pollination or seed dispersal. We modeled benefits as functions of foraging rate by animals on plant rewards and specified whether they affected plant seed set, germination, or negative density dependence during recruitment. We found that pollination and seed dispersal mutualisms are stable at high density but exhibit different dynamics at low density, depending on plant carrying capacity, animal foraging efficiency, and whether populations are obligate on their partners for persistence. Under certain conditions, all mutualisms experience destabilizing thresholds in which one population declines because its partner is too rare. Plants additionally experience Allee effects when obligate on pollinators. Finally, pollination mutualisms can exhibit bistable coexistence at low or high density when plants are facultative on pollinators. Insights from our models can inform conservation efforts, as mutualist populations continue to decline globally.
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