Sex differences in deleterious mutational effects in Drosophila melanogaster: combining quantitative and population genetic insights.
Sex differences in deleterious mutational effects in Drosophila melanogaster: combining quantitative and population genetic insights.
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果蝇有害突变效应的性别差异：结合定量和群体遗传见解。
DOI：
10.1093/genetics/iyab143
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Ruzicka F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ruzicka F
有害突变的适应性效应在雌性和雄性之间可能不同，这是由于：（i）纯化选择强度的性别差异;（ii）倍性的性别差异。虽然健身效果的性别差异具有重要的更广泛的影响（例如，对于性别和寿命的演变），很少有研究对其范围进行量化。那些属于两个不同的经验传统之一：（i）数量遗传学，它专注于每个性别的多位点遗传变异，但在很大程度上对它们的遗传基础不可知;（ii）分子群体遗传学，它专注于比较常染色体和X连锁多态性，但不适合推断当代性别差异。在这里，我们联合收割机这两个传统提出了一个全面的分析女性和男性成年生殖适合度之间的202远交，实验室适应，半克隆基因组ofDrosophila melanogaster。虽然我们没有发现明确的证据，性别差异的净化选择的强度，性别差异的倍性产生多个信号，增强净化选择的X连锁基因座。这些信号存在于定量遗传度量中，即，X对男性（而不是女性）适应性变异和群体遗传指标的不成比例的贡献，即，一个等位基因的平均适应性对其频率的影响的回归更陡，X染色体上的非同义多态性比常染色体上的非同义多态性少。将我们的数据拟合到这两组指标的模型，我们推断有害等位基因是部分隐性的。鉴于进化参数的定量和群体遗传估计之间的差距往往很大，我们的研究展示了在估计这些参数时结合基因组和适应度数据的好处。
Fitness effects of deleterious mutations can differ between females and males due to: (i) sex differences in the strength of purifying selection; and (ii) sex differences in ploidy. Although sex differences in fitness effects have important broader implications (e.g., for the evolution of sex and lifespan), few studies have quantified their scope. Those that have belong to one of two distinct empirical traditions: (i) quantitative genetics, which focusses on multi-locus genetic variances in each sex, but is largely agnostic about their genetic basis; and (ii) molecular population genetics, which focusses on comparing autosomal and X-linked polymorphism, but is poorly suited for inferring contemporary sex differences. Here, we combine both traditions to present a comprehensive analysis of female and male adult reproductive fitness among 202 outbred, laboratory-adapted, hemiclonal genomes ofDrosophila melanogaster. While we find no clear evidence for sex differences in the strength of purifying selection, sex differences in ploidy generate multiple signals of enhanced purifying selection for X-linked loci. These signals are present in quantitative genetic metrics—i.e., a disproportionate contribution of the X to male (but not female) fitness variation—and population genetic metrics—i.e., steeper regressions of an allele’s average fitness effect on its frequency, and proportionally less nonsynonymous polymorphism on the X than autosomes. Fitting our data to models for both sets of metrics, we infer that deleterious alleles are partially recessive. Given the often-large gap between quantitative and population genetic estimates of evolutionary parameters, our study showcases the benefits of combining genomic and fitness data when estimating such parameters.
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