Using occupancy-based camera-trap surveys to assess the Critically Endangered primate Macaca nigra across its range in North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Using occupancy-based camera-trap surveys to assess the Critically Endangered primate Macaca nigra across its range in North Sulawesi, Indonesia
复制标题
DOI：
10.1017/s0030605319000851
复制
发表时间：
2020-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Bowkett, Andrew E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnson, Caspian L.;Hilser, Harry;Bowkett, Andrew E.
灵长类动物是最受威胁的哺乳动物之一。了解它们的种群发生和丰度模式，特别是在应对威胁时，对于为保护行动提供信息至关重要。黑冠猕猴Macaca nigra是苏拉威西岛七种特有猕猴中唯一一种极度濒危物种。人们对它的分布或它对森林砍伐和狩猎的反应知之甚少。我们使用基于占有的分析方法在整个物种范围内进行了相机陷阱调查，以（1）建立第一个范围内的发生基线，（2）调查环境和人为因素如何影响发生，（3）确定优先保护亚群，（4）测试采样和分析协议的有效性，用于M的时间监测。nigra使用占用率作为状态变量。从9，753个相机陷阱天，M。在473天内，在111个摄像机位置中的77个位置发现了黑色素瘤。物种占有率为0.66，最高的保护区内和郁闭林。我们确定了八个不同的亚群，分布和森林片段大小的基础上。为了告知未来的监测，我们使用了功率分析来确定我们的努力是否可以让我们检测到10%的跨年度入住率下降，并发现在连续三个季节中对90个摄像机位置进行了为期3个月（8，100个摄像日）的调查，这是以80%的确定性检测这种变化所需的努力。我们的研究强调了管理良好的保护区和完整的森林对黑猕猴长期生存的重要性，并测试了相机陷阱在景观尺度上监测灵长类动物的有效性。
Primates are one of the most threatened groups of mammals. Understanding their patterns of population occurrence and abundance, especially in response to threats, is critical for informing conservation action. The crested black macaque Macaca nigra is the only Critically Endangered species of Sulawesi's seven endemic macaques. Little is known about its distribution or its response to deforestation and hunting. We conducted a camera-trap survey across the entire species range using an occupancy-based analytical approach to (1) establish the first range-wide baseline of occurrence, (2) investigate how environmental and anthropogenic factors influence occurrence, (3) identify priority conservation subpopulations, and (4) test the efficacy of the sampling and analytical protocol for temporal monitoring of M. nigra using occupancy as the state variable. From 9,753 camera-trap days, M. nigra was detected on 473 days at 77 of the 111 camera locations. Species occupancy was 0.66 and highest inside protected areas and closed canopy forest. We identified eight distinct subpopulations, based on distribution and forest fragment size. To inform future monitoring, we used a power analysis to determine if our effort would allow us to detect inter-annual occupancy declines of 10%, and found that 90 camera locations surveyed for 3 months (8,100 camera days) across three consecutive seasons is the effort required to detect such change with 80% certainty. Our study underscores the importance of well-managed protected areas and intact forests for the long-term survival of the crested black macaque, and tests the effectiveness of camera traps to monitor primates at the landscape scale.