Natural Hybridization With and Without Ionizing Radiation in Soybeans 1
Natural Hybridization With and Without Ionizing Radiation in Soybeans 1
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大豆中使用和不使用电离辐射的自然杂交 1
DOI：
10.2135/cropsci1961.0011183x000100060003x
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发表时间：
1961
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
W. D. Hanson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. R. Weber;W. D. Hanson
在爱荷华州和马里兰州这两个相距甚远的地理位置，在田间条件下，对有和没有电离辐射的大豆品种进行了自然杂交测定。不同的大豆品种作为授粉亲本具有显性标记基因，因此可以在隐性雌性受体中检测杂种。当基因型紧密接触生长时，对照中发生的自然杂交百分比约为1.0%。平均而言，约2.0 × 10 ~（13）热中子或20，000 γ X射线的高剂量仅用于雌性受体的种子时，与对照相比，自然杂交增加4至6倍。在所研究的辐射剂量范围内，x射线在引起杂交方面似乎与热中子一样有效。自然杂交的发生率随着x射线和热中子剂量水平的增加而增加，而成熟期延迟，种子产量逐渐下降。在爱荷华州试验中，在有或没有照射的情况下，雌性受体植物上半部分的花比这些相同植物下半部分的花交叉受精更多。在这两个州，昆虫载体被认为是这些试验中杂交的主要原因。结果表明，通过更好地选择花粉供体和受体的开花时间，大豆中的自然杂交可以比在有或没有辐射的情况下获得的更多。讨论了辐射诱导杂交的用途及其作为自花授粉杂交群体中更大遗传重组工具的作用。结果表明，如果要获得电离辐射诱发突变的真实指数，则必须采用大于正常的ψ tlons来分离来自外部花粉源的辐照材料。（auth）«少
Natural hybridization in soybean varieties with and without ionlzing radiation was measured under field conditions in two widely separated geographical locations, Iowa and Maryland. The different soybean varieties used as pollendonor parents possessed dominant marker genes so that hybrids could be detected in the recessive female recipients. Natural crossing percentages occurring in the controls approximated 1.0% when the genotypes were grown in close contact. On the average, heavy dosages of approximately 2.0 x 10/sup 13/ thermal neutrons or 20,000 r x rays when applied to seed of only female recipients increased natural crossing 4 to 6 times as compared with controls. Within the dosage ranges of irradiation studied, x rays appeared to be just as effective as thermal neutron in causing hybridization. Incidence of natural crossing increased as dosage levels of x rays and thermal neutrons increased, whereas maturity was delayed and seed yield decreased progressively. In the Iowa test, flowers on the upper half of female recipient plants were cross-fertilized more than flowers on the lower half of these same plants with or without irradiation. Insect vector or vectors were believed to be the main reason for hybridization in these tests in both states. The results suggested that naturalmore » crossing in soybeans could be increased more than obtained herein with or without irradiation by better timing of flowering of pollen donors and recipients. The use of irradiation to induce hybridization and its role as a tool for greater genetic recombination in self-pollinated hybrid populations are discussed. The results suggested that if a true index of ionizing radiation-induced mutations is to be obtained, greater than normal precautlons must be taken to lsolate lrradiated material from outside pollen sources. (auth)« less