Developmental processes and brain imaging studies in Tourette syndrome
Developmental processes and brain imaging studies in Tourette syndrome
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00581-0
复制
发表时间：
2003-07-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Peterson, BS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gerard, E;Peterson, BS
目的：通常很难辨别神经影像学研究的结果与疾病的病理生理学之间的关系，因为影像学相关性可能会以不同的方式代表疾病的原因、后果或副现象。本文的目的是通过回顾Tourette综合征（TS）的解剖学和功能研究，阐明解释神经影像学数据的复杂性。方法：检索Medline和Psychological Abstracts（PsycInfo）数据库中有关TS的功能和解剖神经影像学研究。结果：9个解剖和21个功能的横截面成像研究TS促成了这一审查。比较TS患者与年龄匹配的对照组的解剖学研究发现，TS成人的豆状核体积减少，而TS成人和儿童的尾状核体积减少。在一项关于大脑皮层的研究中，TS成年人的前额叶体积较小，但TS儿童的前额叶体积大于年龄匹配的对照组。补充TS尾状核体积减少的解剖学研究结果，功能研究表明，额-纹状体投射在抽动症状的调节中发挥重要作用。然而，迄今为止，大多数功能研究仅限于成年人的研究。这些功能研究产生了不同的结果，限制了TS儿童病理生理学的普遍性。结论：虽然TS成像中的许多发现可能代表疾病的病理原因，但它们也可能指示TS受试者神经系统的代偿性变化。有必要对处于危险中的幼儿进行前瞻性研究，以帮助澄清大脑异常与疾病过程之间的关系。(C)2003年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
Objectives: It is often difficult to discern how findings of a neuroimaging study relate to the pathophysiology of an illness because imaging correlates may variously represent causes, consequences, or epiphenomena of the condition. The objective of this paper is to exemplify the complexities of interpreting neuroimaging data by reviewing anatomical and functional studies of Tourette syndrome (TS). Methods: Medline and Psychological Abstracts (PsycInfo) databases were searched for functional and anatomical neuroimaging studies of TS. Results: 9 anatomical and 21 functional cross-sectional imaging studies of TS contributed to this review. Anatomical studies comparing TS patients to age-matched controls have found that lenticular nucleus volumes are reduced in TS adults, while caudate nucleus volumes are reduced in both adults and children with TS. In a study of the cerebral cortex, prefrontal volumes in TS adults were smaller, but in TS children were larger than in those of age-matched controls. Complementing the anatomical findings of reduced volumes of the caudate nucleus in TS, functional studies have suggested that frontal-striatal projections play an important role in the regulation of tic symptoms. The majority of functional studies to date, however, have been limited to the study of adults. These functional studies have yielded variable results that have limited generalizability to the pathophysiology of children with TS. Conclusions: Although many of the findings in TS imaging may represent pathological causes of the disease, they may also be indicative of compensatory changes in the nervous system of TS subjects. Prospective studies of young children at risk will be necessary to help clarify the relationship between brain abnormalities and the course of the disease. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.