Nutrition and immune function: Overview
Nutrition and immune function: Overview
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/126.suppl_10.2611s
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发表时间：
1996-10-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Beisel, WR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beisel, WR
营养不良可能对免疫系统的抗原特异性武器和广义宿主防御机制产生不利的，甚至是破坏性的影响。蛋白质/能量营养不良和/或有助于核酸代谢的单一营养素缺乏通常导致淋巴组织萎缩和细胞介导的免疫功能障碍。单一营养素的缺乏会损害关键蛋白质的产生。微量元素缺乏往往是多因素的。必需脂肪酸缺乏会减少或干扰细胞因子诱导的类二十烷酸的合成。精氨酸缺乏会减少一氧化氮的产生，而抗氧化营养素的缺乏会增加氧自由基的破坏作用。体液免疫继续保持，虽然新的主要反应T细胞依赖性抗原一般是低于正常的幅度和质量。与营养不良相关的免疫功能障碍被称为营养获得性免疫缺陷综合征（NAIDS）。婴儿和幼儿的风险很大，因为他们只有不成熟，缺乏经验的免疫系统和非常小的蛋白质储备。NAIDS和常见的儿童感染的结合是人类死亡的主要原因。NAIDS通常可以通过适当的营养康复来纠正，但从对本研讨会非常重要的观点来看，艾滋病和NAIDS具有强烈的协同作用。艾滋病引起的营养不良可导致NAIDS的继发性发展，以及更广泛的额外免疫功能障碍。NAIDS对免疫系统造成的复杂和深远的损害，以及NAIDS和AIDS的协同组合，从而加速了许多AIDS受害者的死亡。对感染艾滋病毒的儿童进行积极的营养支持可以延缓或减轻NAIDS的发展，避免NAIDS可以提高生活质量和寿命。
Malnutrition can have adverse, even devastating effects on the antigen-specific arms of the immune system and on generalized host defensive mechanisms. Protein/energy malnutrition and/or deficiencies of single nutrients that assist in nucleic acid metabolism generally lead to atrophy of lymphoid tissues and dysfunctions of cell-mediated immunity. Deficiencies of single nutrients can impair production of key proteins. Trace element deficiencies are often multifactorial. Essential fatty acid deficiencies can reduce or perturb the synthesis of cytokine-induced eicosanoids. Arginine deficiency can diminish the production of nitric oxide, and deficiencies of antioxidant nutrients can allow increases in the damaging effects of free oxygen radicals. Humoral immunity continues to be maintained, although new primary responses to T-cell-dependent antigens are generally subnormal in both magnitude and quality. Immunological dysfunctions associated with malnutrition have been termed Nutritionally Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (NAIDS). Infants and small children are at great risk because they possess only immature, inexperienced immune systems and very small protein reserves. The combination of NAIDS and common childhood infections is the leading cause of human mortality. NAIDS can generally be corrected by appropriate nutritional rehabilitation, but from a viewpoint highly important to this Workshop, AIDS and NAIDS are intensely synergistic. AIDS-induced malnutrition can lead to the secondary development of NAIDS, with its much broader array of additional immunological dysfunctions. The complex and far reaching insults to the immune system caused by NAIDS, and the synergistic combination of NAIDS and AIDS, thereby hasten the demise of many victims of AIDS. Aggressive nutritional support for children with HIV infections could delay, or lessen, the development of NAIDS and avoidance of NAIDS would improve both quality and length of life.