Sociological study on the troop fission of wild
Sociological study on the troop fission of wild
复制标题
野生动物群体裂变的社会学研究
作者：
T. Oi
在1983年6月至7月期间，屋久岛的Hanyama-A群野生的无供给的日本猴子开始显示出群体裂变的迹象。成年雌性连同它们的幼崽和幼崽被分为两组，Hanyama-K组和Hanyama-M组。在细分后，观察到所有的雄性在这两个雌性群体之间摇摆不定。在交配季节，非群体的雄性也被观察到在两个雌性群体之间移动。在这个交配季节之后，发现其中一个非群体的雄性进入并成为其中一个群体的首领，而原群体中地位更高的成年雄性则进入另一个群体。人们强烈认为，每一个分裂的群体要么是由高级母系组成，要么是由低级母系组成，正如以前在提供的部队中所观察到的那样。两个分裂群体之间的优势关系表明，这两个雌性亲缘群体之间的优势等级逆转一定发生在群体细分的过程中。然而，与以往大多数群体分裂的案例不同，没有迹象表明雄性曾经参与过原始雌性群体的细分。这种分裂并不是由于雄性的参与，而是由于雌性之间的敌对，这导致了群体分裂。决定裂变群体雄性最终何时和以何种方式定居下来的主要因素似乎是群体雄性联盟与非群体雄性之间的竞争以及它们垄断雌性的能力。目前的群体裂变过程表明，即使在日本猕猴社会中，雄性和雌性之间也存在双重策略（Wrangham, 1979,1980）。
During the period from June to July 1983, the Hanyama-A troop of wild non-provisioned Japanese monkeys on Yakushima Island began to show signs of troop fission. Adult females together with their infants and juveniles subdivided into two groups, the Hanyama-K group and Hanyama-M group. After the subdivision, all of the troop males were observed vacillating between these two female groups. During the mating season, non-troop males were also observed moving around the two female groups. After this mating season, one of these non-troop males was found to have entered and become the alpha male in one of the groups, while higher-ranking adult males of the original troop settled into the other group. Each fissioned group was strongly considered to be composed of either high-ranking matrilines or low-ranking matrilines as observed previously in provisioned troops. The dominance relation between the two fissioned groups indicated that dominance rank reversal between these two female kin groups must have occurred during the course of subdivision of the troop. However, different from most previous cases of troop fission, there was no indication that males ever participated in the subdivision of the original female group. This was disrupted not as a result of males' involvement, but only as a result of antagonism among females, which initiated the troop fission. The main factor which appeared to determine when and in which fission group males eventually settled was the competition between the troop males' coalition and non-troop males and their ability to monopolize females. The present process of troop fission suggests a dual strategy between males and females (Wrangham, 1979, 1980) even in the society of Japanese macaques.