Intellectual Property Rights for Fruit Crops
Intellectual Property Rights for Fruit Crops
复制标题
水果作物的知识产权
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4020-6907-9_14
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Jondle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Clark;R. Jondle
近年来，水果品种的知识产权保护不断升级，这种趋势将继续使用各种保护方案，主要是植物专利（美国）、植物育种者权利（全球）和商标，最少使用实用专利或植物品种保护（美国）。合同和许可是保护过程的一个组成部分，受保护品种的繁殖或其他用途的权利转让条款由权利所有者和被许可人之间确定。在测试领域，材料转让协议对于共享测试种质非常重要，并且这些协议的条款对于定义测试材料的使用极其关键。水果育种的一个潜在扩展领域是正式育种协议，其中共享种质。这些协议可以在公共和私人实体之间或公共机构内部执行。这些不同的保护、测试和育种方案的使用将会扩大，从而增加育种计划的货币收入，同时增加水果品种商业化和使用的复杂性。
The intellectual property protection of fruit cultivars has escalated in recent years and this trend will continue using various protection options, primarily plant patents (U.S.A.), plant breeders rights (worldwide), and trademarks, with minimal use of utility patents or plant variety protection (U.S.A.). Contracts and licensing are an integral part of the protection process, whereby the terms of the assignment of rights for propagation or other use of the protected cultivar are defined between the owner of the rights and licensee. In the area of testing, material transfer agreements are very important in sharing of germplasm for testing and the terms of these are extremely critical in defining the use of the test material. A potential area of expansion in fruit breeding is in formal breeding agreements, in which germplasm is shared. These agreements can be executed between public and private entities or within public institutions. Expansion of the use of these various protection, testing and breeding options will occur, allowing increased monetary income to breeding programs while increasing the complexity of commercialization and use of fruit cultivars.