Statistics notes - How to randomise

Statistics notes - How to randomise
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DOI:
10.1136/bmj.319.7211.703
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发表时间:
1999-09-11
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Bland, JM
Bland, JM
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Altman, DG;Bland, JM

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从随机数字表中摘录。2本例中使用的数字以粗体显示89 11 77 99 94 35 83 73 68 20 84 85 95 45 52 56 80 93 52 82 97 62 98 71 39 79 36 13 72 99 34 96 98 54 89 69 56 88 97 43 09 17 78 78 02 83 17 39 84 16 24 23 36 44 14 39 87 30 20 41 75 18 53 77 83 33 93 39 24 81 22 52 01 86 71虽然简单的随机化从分配过程中消除了偏差,但它并不能保证,例如,每个群体中的个体都有相似的年龄分布。[...]我们可能希望将乳腺癌试验的分层扩展到肿瘤大小和阳性淋巴结的数量。在多中心研究中,除非有中心协调的随机化服务,否则每个中心的患者需要单独随机化。[...]“中心”是一个分层变量,也可能有其他分层变量。
Excerpt from a table of random digits. 2 The numbers used in the example are shown in bold 89 11 77 99 94 35 83 73 68 20 84 85 95 45 52 56 80 93 52 82 97 62 98 71 39 79 36 13 72 99 34 96 98 54 89 69 56 88 97 43 09 17 78 78 02 83 17 39 84 16 24 23 36 44 14 39 87 30 20 41 75 18 53 77 83 33 93 39 24 81 22 52 01 86 71 While simple randomisation removes bias from the allocation procedure, it does not guarantee, for example, that the individuals in each group have a similar age distribution.[...] we might want to extend the stratification in the breast cancer trial to tumour size and number of positive nodes. In a multicentre study the patients within each centre will need to be randomised separately unless there is a central coordinated randomising service.[...] centre” is a stratifying variable, and there may be other stratifying variables as well.