The dynamics of the nucleolus
The dynamics of the nucleolus
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DOI：
10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.v13.i1.40
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Lamond, AI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leung, AKL;Lamond, AI
核仁是真核细胞细胞核内最重要的结构，是核糖体rna （5.8S、18S和28S）与核糖体蛋白转录、加工和组装形成核糖体亚基的场所。然而，仅在核糖体生物发生中的作用并不能解释肿瘤抑制蛋白、细胞周期调节因子和病毒蛋白的特定核仁定位。某些蛋白质也被证明只有在特定的代谢条件下或在特定的细胞周期阶段才能在核仁中积累。绿色荧光蛋白融合的使用最近揭示了几种蛋白质通过特定的靶向途径定位到不同的亚核仁区室。同时，光漂白分析表明，所研究的大多数核仁蛋白在核质和核仁之间不断交换。蛋白质组学研究也强调了核仁蛋白质组的动态性质。在有丝分裂过程中，蛋白质组成和亚核仁区室的形态都可以随着转录和磷酸化水平的改变而改变。本文主要从单个蛋白质、集体蛋白质组和亚核仁组织水平研究核仁动力学。
The nucleolus is the most prominent structure within the eukaryotic cell nucleus and is the site where ribosomal RNAs (5.8S, 18S, and 28S) are transcribed, processed, and assembled with ribosomal proteins to form ribosomal subunits. A role in ribosome biogenesis alone, however, does not account for the specific nucleolar localizations of tumor suppressor proteins, cell cycle regulatory factors, and viral proteins. Certain proteins have also been shown to accumulate in the nucleolus only under specific metabolic conditions or at specific cell cycle stages. The use of green fluorescent protein fusions has recently revealed that several proteins localize to distinct subnucleolar compartments via specific targeting pathways. Meanwhile, photobleaching analyses indicate that most nucleolar proteins studied are continually exchanging between the nucleoplasm and the nucleolus. Proteomic studies have also highlighted the dynamic nature of the nucleolar proteome. Both protein composition and the morphology of subnucleolar compartments can change in response to alterations in the levels of transcription and phosphorylation and during mitosis. This review focuses on nucleolar dynamics, studied at each of the single protein, collective proteome, and subnucleolar organization levels.