The microbiome: an emerging key player in aging and longevity.
The microbiome: an emerging key player in aging and longevity.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tma.2020.07.004
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Minhoo Kim;B. Benayoun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Minhoo Kim;B. Benayoun
高通量测序和宏基因组工具的革命性进展为微生物组功能提供了新的见解，包括微生物组与宿主衰老之间的双向关系。肠道是人体中与外源抗原直接相互作用的最大表面-它覆盖着极其复杂和多样的微生物群落，称为肠道微生物组。在健康的肠道中，微生物群落保持稳态代谢，并以免疫耐受状态驻留在宿主内。然而，肠道微生物组的异常变化与年龄相关慢性疾病的发病机制有关，包括肥胖症，心血管疾病和神经退行性疾病。肠道微生物组正在成为衰老过程中的关键因素。在这篇综述中，我们描述了人类和模式生物的研究，这些研究表明肠道微生物组对宿主衰老的直接因果作用。此外，我们还讨论了肠道微生物组中的性别二态性及其在年龄相关的性别二态表型中的可能作用。我们还概述了广泛使用的微生物组分析方法和工具，可用于探索微生物组重塑对衰老的影响。
Revolutionary advancements of high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic tools have provided new insights to microbiome function, including a bidirectional relationship between the microbiome and host aging. The intestinal tract is the largest surface in the human body that directly interacts with foreign antigens – it is covered with extremely complex and diverse community of microorganisms, known as the gut microbiome. In a healthy gut, microbial communities maintain a homeostatic metabolism and reside within the host in a state of immune tolerance. Abnormal shifts in the gut microbiome, however, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related chronic diseases, including obesity, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. The gut microbiome is emerging as a key factor in the aging process. In this review, we describe studies of humans and model organisms that suggest a direct causal role of the gut microbiome on host aging. Additionally, we discuss sex-dimorphism in the gut microbiome and its possible roles in age-related sex-dimorphic phenotypes. We also provide an overview of widely used microbiome analysis methods and tools which could be used to explore the impact of microbiome remodeling on aging.