Harnessing reconsolidation to weaken fear and appetitive memories: A meta-analysis of post-retrieval extinction effects.
Harnessing reconsolidation to weaken fear and appetitive memories: A meta-analysis of post-retrieval extinction effects.
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DOI：
10.1037/bul0000034
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发表时间：
2016-03
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
Otto MW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kredlow MA;Unger LD;Otto MW
对记忆提取和再巩固机制的新理解具有改善基于记忆的治疗的潜力。基础研究表明，在恐惧消失之后，安全和恐惧记忆可能会竞争，从而增加了恐惧回归的可能性。一个可能的解决方案是通过重新巩固干扰来修改原始的恐惧记忆，减少恐惧回归的可能性。提取后消退是一种再巩固干扰的行为方法，已经在条件恐惧和食欲记忆范式的背景下进行了探索。这项荟萃分析研究了检索后灭绝效应的大小和这些效应的潜在调节因素。对PubMed和PsycINFO进行了检索，直至2014年6月。63项检查动物或人类恢复后消退以防止恐惧或食欲反应恢复的比较符合纳入标准。相对于标准灭绝，检索后灭绝表现出显著的、小到中等的效果（g = 0.40），以进一步减少人类恐惧的恢复，以及显著的、大的效果（g = 0.89），以防止动物食欲反应的恢复。对于动物的恐惧结局，影响较小（g = 0.21）且不显著，但受饲养在一起的动物数量以及检索后灭绝/灭绝与试验之间的持续时间的影响。在各种范式中，这些发现支持了这种临床前策略预防条件性恐惧和食欲反应恢复的有效性。总体而言，迄今为止的研究结果支持将检索后灭绝研究继续转化为人类和临床应用，特别是应用于治疗焦虑，创伤性应激和物质使用障碍。
A new understanding of the mechanisms of memory retrieval and reconsolidation holds the potential for improving exposure-based treatments. Basic research indicates that following fear extinction, safety and fear memories may compete, raising the possibility of return of fear. One possible solution is to modify original fear memories through reconsolidation interference, reducing the likelihood of return of fear. Post-retrieval extinction is a behavioral method of reconsolidation interference that has been explored in the context of conditioned fear and appetitive memory paradigms. This meta-analysis examines the magnitude of post-retrieval extinction effects and potential moderators of these effects. A PubMed and PsycINFO search was conducted through June 2014. Sixty-three comparisons examining post-retrieval extinction for preventing the return of fear or appetitive responses in animals or humans met inclusion criteria. Post-retrieval extinction demonstrated a significant, small-to-moderate effect (g = .40) for further reducing the return of fear in humans and a significant, large effect (g = 0.89) for preventing the return of appetitive responses in animals relative to standard extinction. For fear outcomes in animals, effects were small (g = 0.21) and non-significant, but moderated by the number of animals housed together and the duration of time between post-retrieval extinction/extinction and test. Across paradigms, these findings support the efficacy of this pre-clinical strategy for preventing the return of conditioned fear and appetitive responses. Overall, findings to date support the continued translation of post-retrieval extinction research to human and clinical applications, with particular application to the treatment of anxiety, traumatic stress, and substance use disorders.