Biodiversity conservation in agriculture requires a multi-scale approach
Biodiversity conservation in agriculture requires a multi-scale approach
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2014.1358
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发表时间：
2014-09-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Perfecto, Ivette
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gonthier, David J.;Ennis, Katherine K.;Perfecto, Ivette
生物多样性的丧失是现代环境变化的最突出形式之一，在很大程度上是由陆地栖息地的丧失，特别是农业的扩展和集约化造成的。扩大农业土地使用导致寻求强有力的保护战略，有些人建议，最大限度地保护农业生物多样性的最佳办法是减少当地管理强度，如化肥和杀虫剂的使用。另一些人则强调了在农场周围景观中纳入自然或半自然区域的生态层面方法的重要性。在这里，我们表明，这两种做法是有价值的生物多样性的保护，无论是当地或景观因素可以是最关键的保护规划，这取决于哪种类型的生物希望保存。我们从31项研究中获得了266个观察结果，这些研究比较了本地化（农场内）管理策略和景观复杂性（农场周围）对农业生态系统中植物，无脊椎动物和脊椎动物物种丰富度和丰度的影响。虽然这两个因素显着影响物种丰富度，无柄植物的丰富度增加，不太密集的本地管理，但没有显着的景观复杂性。相比之下，丰富的移动的脊椎动物的景观复杂性增加，但没有显着增加与较低强度的本地管理。无脊椎动物的丰富度和丰度对这两个因素都有反应。我们的分析表明，不同的生物群体如何应对不同规模的管理，并表明，多个分类群体的保护将需要多个规模的保护。
Biodiversity loss-one of the most prominent forms of modern environmental change-has been heavily driven by terrestrial habitat loss and, in particular, the spread and intensification of agriculture. Expanding agricultural land-use has led to the search for strong conservation strategies, with some suggesting that biodiversity conservation in agriculture is best maximized by reducing local management intensity, such as fertilizer and pesticide application. Others highlight the importance of landscape-level approaches that incorporate natural or semi-natural areas in landscapes surrounding farms. Here, we show that both of these practices are valuable to the conservation of biodiversity, and that either local or landscape factors can be most crucial to conservation planning depending on which types of organisms one wishes to save. We performed a quantitative review of 266 observations taken from 31 studies that compared the impacts of localized (within farm) management strategies and landscape complexity (around farms) on the richness and abundance of plant, invertebrate and vertebrate species in agro-ecosystems. While both factors significantly impacted species richness, the richness of sessile plants increased with less-intensive local management, but did not significantly respond to landscape complexity. By contrast, the richness of mobile vertebrates increased with landscape complexity, but did not significantly increase with less-intensive local management. Invertebrate richness and abundance responded to both factors. Our analyses point to clear differences in how various groups of organisms respond to differing scales of management, and suggest that preservation of multiple taxonomic groups will require multiple scales of conservation.