What Is Wrong with Typological Thinking?*
What Is Wrong with Typological Thinking?*
复制标题
类型学思维出了什么问题？*
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Lewens
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Lewens
如果有什么问题的话，类型化思维有什么错？这个问题很重要，因为一些进化发育生物学家似乎支持一种类型学。我将针对类型学的四种指控分离出来，它们包括：类型学思维是神秘的;类型学思维与进化的事实不一致;类型学思维致力于一种令人反感的形而上学观点，艾略特·索伯称之为“自然状态模型”;最后，（得到了罗恩阿蒙森和冈特瓦格纳的赞同），类型学思想--特别是进化发育生物学的类型学思想--致力于一种特殊形式的因果关系，这种因果关系并不完全符合群体遗传学所认可的因果模型。我认为，正确理解，进化发育生物学的类型学思维不会遇到任何这些问题。
What, if anything, is wrong with typological thinking? The question is important, for some evolutionary developmental biologists appear to espouse a form of typology. I isolate four allegations that have been brought against it. They include the claim that typological thinking is mystical; the claim that typological thinking is at odds with the fact of evolution; the claim that typological thinking is committed to an objectionable metaphysical view, which Elliott Sober calls the ‘natural state model’; and finally the view (endorsed by Ron Amundson and Günter Wagner) that typological thinking—and specifically evolutionary developmental biology’s typological thinking—is committed to a peculiar form of causation that does not fit neatly into the causal models endorsed by population genetics. I argue that, properly understood, the typological thinking of evolutionary developmental biology does not run into any of these problems.