Locally accelerated growth is part of the innate immune response and repair mechanisms in reef-building corals as detected by green fluorescent protein (GFP)-like pigments
Locally accelerated growth is part of the innate immune response and repair mechanisms in reef-building corals as detected by green fluorescent protein (GFP)-like pigments
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DOI：
10.1007/s00338-012-0926-8
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发表时间：
2012-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Wiedenmann, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D'Angelo, C.;Smith, E. G.;Wiedenmann, J.
绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）的同源物是一组普遍存在的宿主色素，负责许多造礁珊瑚的绿色、红色和紫蓝色。它们被认为有助于不同珊瑚物种在受伤和感染上生物/寄生虫时发生显着的颜色变化。为了阐明潜在的疾病相关的颜色变化的生理过程，我们分析了空间和时间的表达模式的GFP样蛋白和其他生物标志物的珊瑚从红海，阿拉伯/波斯湾和斐济在其自然栖息地和特定的实验室条件下。不同的绿色荧光蛋白样蛋白和生长标志物增殖细胞核抗原的表达上调，在不断增长的分支提示和健康的珊瑚殖民地，以及在干扰殖民地部分的边缘。此外，酚氧化酶活性增加，在这些增殖组织。因此，它表明，局部加速生长的先天免疫反应和修复机制的一部分，在造礁珊瑚，而且，这些过程可以检测利用优良的生物标志物特性的GFP样蛋白。最后，这项工作的结果表明，在海洋酸化、变暖和富营养化加剧的预测未来情景中，珊瑚的脆弱性增加，预计这些情景将降低珊瑚的生长能力。
Homologs of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) are a prevalent group of host pigments responsible for the green, red and purple-blue colours of many reef-building corals. They have been suggested to contribute to the striking coloration changes of different corals species in response to wounding and infestation with epibionts/parasites. In order to elucidate the physiological processes underlying the potentially disease-related colour changes, we have analysed spatial and temporal expression patterns of GFP-like proteins and other biomarkers in corals from the Red Sea, the Arabian/Persian Gulf and Fiji both in their natural habitat and under specific laboratory conditions. The expression of distinct GFP-like proteins and the growth marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen was upregulated in growing branch tips and margins of healthy coral colonies as well as in disturbed colony parts. Furthermore, phenoloxidase activity increased in these proliferating tissues. It is thus demonstrated that locally accelerated growth is part of the innate immune response and repair mechanisms in reef-building corals and, moreover, these processes can be detected utilizing the excellent biomarker properties of GFP-like proteins. Finally, the results of this work suggest an additional vulnerability of corals in predicted future scenarios of increased ocean acidification, warming and eutrophication that are anticipated to reduce coral growth capacity.