Climate Change Implications for Tidal Marshes and Food Web Linkages to Estuarine and Coastal Nekton
Climate Change Implications for Tidal Marshes and Food Web Linkages to Estuarine and Coastal Nekton
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DOI：
10.1007/s12237-020-00891-1
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发表时间：
2021-01-21
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Waltham, Nathan J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Colombano, Denise D.;Litvin, Steven Y.;Waltham, Nathan J.
气候变化正在改变全球沿海和河口生态系统中自然波动的环境条件。偏离长期平均值和环境变量范围越来越多地被观察为方向变化[例如，海平面上升、海洋表面温度(SST)]和不可预测的周期性周期(例如，大西洋或太平洋年代际振荡)和极端情况(例如，沿海洪水、海洋热浪)。量化气候变化对尼克顿潮汐沼泽海景结构和功能的短期和长期影响是渔业养护和管理的关键一步。多应激源框架为推进潮汐沼泽和食物网动力学的综合、跨学科研究提供了一种很有前途的方法。它可用于量化气候变化对沿海海洋(如SST、洋流、海浪)和流域(如降水、河流流量)、潮汐沼泽地貌(如植被结构、海拔资本、沉积)以及河口和沿海Nekton(如物种分布、生活史适应、捕食者-猎物动态)的影响和相互作用。然而，弄清多个相互作用的压力源对潮汐沼泽的累积影响，无论这些影响是相加的、协同的还是拮抗的，以及它们发生的时间尺度，都构成了一个重大的研究挑战。这一观点突出了影响潮汐沼泽的主要物理和生态过程，重点是沼泽生产与河口和沿海内克顿之间的营养联系，建议在今后的气候变化研究中予以考虑。迫切需要这样的研究来了解气候变化对潮汐沼泽现在和未来的影响。
Climate change is altering naturally fluctuating environmental conditions in coastal and estuarine ecosystems across the globe. Departures from long-term averages and ranges of environmental variables are increasingly being observed as directional changes [e.g., rising sea levels, sea surface temperatures (SST)] and less predictable periodic cycles (e.g., Atlantic or Pacific decadal oscillations) and extremes (e.g., coastal flooding, marine heatwaves). Quantifying the short- and long-term impacts of climate change on tidal marsh seascape structure and function for nekton is a critical step toward fisheries conservation and management. The multiple stressor framework provides a promising approach for advancing integrative, cross-disciplinary research on tidal marshes and food web dynamics. It can be used to quantify climate change effects on and interactions between coastal oceans (e.g., SST, ocean currents, waves) and watersheds (e.g., precipitation, river flows), tidal marsh geomorphology (e.g., vegetation structure, elevation capital, sedimentation), and estuarine and coastal nekton (e.g., species distributions, life history adaptations, predator-prey dynamics). However, disentangling the cumulative impacts of multiple interacting stressors on tidal marshes, whether the effects are additive, synergistic, or antagonistic, and the time scales at which they occur, poses a significant research challenge. This perspective highlights the key physical and ecological processes affecting tidal marshes, with an emphasis on the trophic linkages between marsh production and estuarine and coastal nekton, recommended for consideration in future climate change studies. Such studies are urgently needed to understand climate change effects on tidal marshes now and into the future.