Property Values as a Measure of Neighborhoods: An Application of Hedonic Price Theory.
Property Values as a Measure of Neighborhoods: An Application of Hedonic Price Theory.
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DOI：
10.1097/ede.0000000000000470
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发表时间：
2016-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pruitt SL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Leonard T;Powell-Wiley TM;Ayers C;Murdoch JC;Yin W;Pruitt SL
衡量社区与健康之间关系的研究人员已经开始使用房产评估数据作为社区信息的来源。经济学家开发了丰富的工具包来了解如何在评估值中量化社区特征。该工具包主要依赖于特征（隐式）价格模型，并且在财产评估数据衍生的邻里措施的解释和操作方面提供了很多帮助，这超出了使用评估数据作为邻里社会经济地位的衡量标准的范围。我们使用应用于单个大都市区评估数据的特征价格回归的残差，开发了一种基于理论的基于特征的邻里度量。我们描述了其特征、在不同类型社区中的可靠性以及与其他社区指标的相关性（即原始社区评估值、人口普查区块组贫困和观察到的财产特征）。我们检查所有邻里测量值与体重指数之间的关联。基于享乐的邻里测量在预期方向上与街区组贫困率和观察到的财产特征相关。邻里衡量标准和平均原始邻里评价值与个人体重指数相关，但与人口普查区块组贫困无关。我们从有关特征价格模型的经济学文献中得出理论上一致的方法，以演示如何利用公开评估数据中包含的社区隐含估值。在流行病学中对基于享乐的邻里措施进行一致的测量和应用将提高对邻里与健康之间关系的理解。研究人员应该利用诸如此类的理论上知情的方法来谨慎使用评估值。
Researchers measuring relationships between neighborhoods and health have begun using property appraisal data as a source of information about neighborhoods. Economists have developed a rich tool kit to understand how neighborhood characteristics are quantified in appraisal values. This tool kit principally relies on hedonic (implicit) price models and has much to offer regarding the interpretation and operationalization of property appraisal data-derived neighborhood measures, which goes beyond the use of appraisal data as a measure of neighborhood socioeconomic status. We develop a theoretically informed hedonic-based neighborhood measure using residuals of a hedonic price regression applied to appraisal data in a single metropolitan area. We describe its characteristics, reliability in different types of neighborhoods, and correlation with other neighborhood measures (i.e., raw neighborhood appraisal values, census block group poverty, and observed property characteristics). We examine the association between all neighborhood measures and body mass index. The hedonic-based neighborhood measure was correlated in the expected direction with block group poverty rate and observed property characteristics. The neighborhood measure and average raw neighborhood appraisal value, but not census block group poverty, were associated with individual body mass index. We draw theoretically consistent methodology from the economics literature on hedonic price models to demonstrate how to leverage the implicit valuation of neighborhoods contained in publicly available appraisal data. Consistent measurement and application of the hedonic-based neighborhood measures in epidemiology will improve understanding of the relationships between neighborhoods and health. Researchers should proceed with a careful use of appraisal values utilizing theoretically informed methods such as this one.