A CROSS-LANGUAGE STUDY OF VOICING IN INITIAL STOPS - ACOUSTICAL MEASUREMENTS
A CROSS-LANGUAGE STUDY OF VOICING IN INITIAL STOPS - ACOUSTICAL MEASUREMENTS
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DOI：
10.1080/00437956.1964.11659830
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发表时间：
1964-01-01
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
ABRAMSON, AS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LISKER, L;ABRAMSON, AS
J. 引言 理论背景。在诊断我们区分音素类别的能力的语音基础时，语言学家经常援引发声维度来将某些类别称为“有声”，而将其他类别称为“无声”。在塞音辅音的情况下，通常将其标记为浊辅音，其特征是在发音闭合间隔期间存在声门嗡嗡声，而在此间隔期间不存在嗡嗡声则是清塞音的标志。从声学角度来看，在大多数情况下，通过参考它们的光谱模式可以轻松地区分这两种声塞。对于浊音塞音，对应于闭合音程的无共振峰段由少量低频谐波分量穿过，而在清音塞音的情况下，闭合音程基本上是空白的。但是，虽然这种差异是许多语言中停止类别的物理分离的充分基础，但也有一些语言，例如英语，它仅部分起作用。尽管在中间位置，英语 fb dg/are 浊音和 fp tk/清音，但在初始位置，这两个集合通常都是以无声闭合音程产生的，因此根据引用的定义应归类为清音。虽然语音学家很少将词首 fb dg/彻头彻尾的清音塞音称为清音塞音，但他们经常引用至少一种其他语音属性，即送气音，它能可靠地区分词首 fb dg/ 和重读音节之前的中间位置的 jp t kf 和 fb dg/ 。
J. INTRODUCTION Theoretical background. In diagnosing the phonetic basis for our ability to distinguish between phonemic categories, linguists often invoke the dimension of voicing to call some categories" voiced" and others" voiceless". In the case of stop consonants it is usual to label as voiced, categories characterized by the presence of'glottal buzz during the interval of articulatory closure, while absence of buzz during this interval is a mark of voiceless stops. Acoustically the two kinds of stops are in most cases easily distinguished by reference to their spectrographic patterns; for voiced stops the formantless segment corresponding to the closure interval is traversed by a small number of low-frequency harmonic components, while in the case of voiceless stops the closure interval is essentially blank. But while this difference is an adequate basis for the physical separation of stop categories in many languages, there are some, like English, for which it works only in part. Although in medial position English fb dg/are voiced and fp tk/voiceless, in initial position both sets are commonly produced with silent closure intervals and should therefore be classed as voiceless according to the definitions cited. While phoneticians rarely call initial fb dg/out-and-out voiceless stops, they regularly cite at least one other phonetic attribute, that of aspiration, which reliably distinguishes jp t kf from fb dg/both in initial position and medially before a stressed syllabic.