Sex Differences in the Appraisal of Traumatic Events and Psychopathology
Sex Differences in the Appraisal of Traumatic Events and Psychopathology
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DOI：
10.1037/tra0000244
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发表时间：
2017-09-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Kucharska, Justyna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kucharska, Justyna
目的：探讨创伤性事件评价与精神障碍症状（内化症状和外化/药物滥用症状）的关系。一生中累积的创伤也被考虑在内。此外，还评估了与各种类型的创伤事件（即背叛创伤、涉及家庭成员的事故、身体暴力和自然灾害）相关的具体影响。190名年轻男性和277名年轻女性被要求评估创伤性事件对他们生活的影响程度。方法：假设创伤经历与精神障碍症状之间的关系在女性中比在男性中更强，并且认知评价与性别的相互作用与症状的严重程度有关。结果：与男性相比，女性表现出较高的内化症状，但较低的外化/药物滥用症状。尽管如此，累积性创伤与这两种症状之间的相关性在女性身上更为明显。在所有类型的创伤中，女性对事件的负面评价比男性更强烈。性别和认知评价的相互作用被证明与内化障碍的严重程度有关。结论：在本研究中，与男性相比，女性对创伤事件的评价更为消极（对于所有类型的创伤），创伤与精神障碍症状之间的关系在女性中也更强。这些结果显示了创伤评估在女性和男性创伤后精神症状发展中的重要性。
Objective: The current study is an investigation of the relationship between the appraisal of traumatic events and mental disorder symptoms: internalizing symptoms and externalizing/substance- abuse symptoms. Cumulative trauma over the lifetime was taken into account. Also, specific effects related to traumatic events of various types (i.e., betrayal trauma, accident involving a family member, physical violence, and natural disaster) were assessed. Participants, 190 young men and 277 young women, were asked to evaluate the strength with which the traumatic event impacted their lives.Method: It was hypothesized that the relationship between traumatic experiences and mental disorder symptoms would be stronger in women than in men, and also that cognitive appraisal, in interaction with gender, would be related to the severity of the symptoms.Results: Women showed higher levels of internalizing symptoms, but lower levels of externalizing/substance- abuse symptoms than men. Still, the correlation between cumulative trauma and both types of symptoms was stronger in women. For all types of trauma, women reported a stronger negative appraisal of the event than men. Interaction of sex and cognitive appraisal was demonstrated to be related to the severity of internalizing disorders.Conclusion: In the present study, women, as compared with men, evaluated traumatic events more negatively (for all types of trauma) and the relationship between trauma and mental disorder symptoms was also stronger in women. These results show the importance of the appraisal of trauma in the development of psychiatric symptoms in women and men following trauma.