Active and passive movement are encoded equally by head direction cells in the anterodorsal thalamus.
Active and passive movement are encoded equally by head direction cells in the anterodorsal thalamus.
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.01098.2010
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发表时间：
2011-08
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Michael E. Shinder;J. Taube
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Michael E. Shinder;J. Taube
头部方向（HD）系统由代表动物头部朝向的方向的细胞组成。当头部指向一个特定的或首选的方向时，每个HD细胞都会做出最佳反应。虽然前庭系统输入是产生方向信号所必需的，但是运动/本体感受输入也可以影响HD细胞反应。先前比较主动和被动运动的研究报告了被动约束期间HD信号的显著抑制。然而，在每一项研究中，细胞之间存在相当大的差异，动物的头部从未完全固定。为了解决这些问题，我们开发了一种被动约束系统，更充分地防止头部和身体的运动。在主动和被动运动与这个新的系统，在前背丘脑（ADN）的HD细胞的反应进行了评估。与以前的报告相反，HD细胞反应不受被动约束的影响。头部固定和手持约束未能产生显着抑制活性HD细胞反应。此外，无论1）动物先前的束缚经验，2）是否在光照或黑暗中进行测试，或3）动物相对于旋转轴的位置，均保持特定方向的击发。在没有适当的运动、本体感受或视觉输入的情况下维持稳定的方向信号表明前庭输入对于HD信号的产生是必要的且足够的。因此，运动和本体感受的影响可能对HD细胞的优选发射方向的控制是重要的，但不是信号本身的产生。
The head direction (HD) system is composed of cells that represent the direction in which the animal's head is facing. Each HD cell responds optimally when the head is pointing in a particular, or preferred, direction. Although vestibular system input is necessary to generate the directional signal, motor/proprioceptive inputs can also influence HD cell responses. Previous studies comparing active and passive movement have reported significant suppression of the HD signal during passive restraint. However, in each of these studies there was considerable variability across cells, and the animal's head was never completely fixed. To address these issues, we developed a passive restraint system that more fully prevented head and body movement. HD cell responses in the anterodorsal thalamus (ADN) were evaluated during active and passive movement with this new system. Contrary to previous reports, HD cell responses were not affected by passive restraint. Both head-fixed and hand-held restraint failed to produce significant inhibition of the active HD cell response. Furthermore, direction-specific firing was maintained regardless of 1) the animal's previous experience with restraint, 2) whether it was tested in the light or dark, or 3) the position of the animal relative to the axis of rotation. The maintenance of a stable directional signal without appropriate motor, proprioceptive, or visual input indicates that vestibular input is necessary and sufficient for the generation of the HD signal. Motor and proprioceptive influences may therefore be important for the control of the preferred firing direction of HD cells, but not the generation of the signal itself.