AHR Forum The Rise and Fall of an International Counterculture, 1960–1975
AHR Forum The Rise and Fall of an International Counterculture, 1960–1975
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AHR 论坛国际反主流文化的兴衰，1960-1975
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Suri
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Suri
在《女性的奥秘》中——贝蒂·弗里丹1963年对家庭的抨击——作者描述了她是如何“逐渐地，在相当长一段时间内看不清楚……意识到今天美国女性的生活方式有很大的问题。尽管表面上看起来财富和满足，弗里丹认为冷战正在扼杀幸福。尤其是女性，她们面临着强烈的公众压力，要求她们遵从这样的家庭形象：整洁的郊区住宅，娇生惯养的孩子，以及无处不在的“家庭主妇”女主角。这就是所谓的美国美好生活的核心。这是自由的摇篮。用阿德莱·史蒂文森（Adlai Stevenson）的话来说，这是“妻子和母亲”的“任务”：“西方的婚姻和母性是我们西方社会出现个人自由的另一个例子。”其基础是男女都承认人格和个性的首要地位。弗里丹不同意这种说法，她并不孤单。调查、访谈和观察显示，无数女性都患有一种在当时的社会标准词汇中没有名称的问题。他们实现了“美好的生活”，但他们感到不满足。弗里丹引用了一位特别善于表达的年轻母亲的话：
IN THE FEMININE MYSTIQUE—BETTY FRIEDAN’S 1963 attack on domesticity—the author describes how she “gradually, without seeing it clearly for quite a while . . . came to realize that something is very wrong with the way American women are trying to live their lives today.”1 Despite the outward appearance of wealth and contentment, Friedan argued that the Cold War was killing happiness. Women, in particular, faced strong public pressures to conform with a family image that emphasized a finely manicured suburban home, pampered children, and an ever-present “housewife heroine.”2 This was the asserted core of the good American life. This was the cradle of freedom. This was, in the words of Adlai Stevenson, the “assignment” for “wives and mothers”: “Western marriage and motherhood are yet another instance of the emergence of individual freedom in our Western society. Their basis is the recognition in women as well as men of the primacy of personality and individuality.”3 Friedan disagreed, and she was not alone. Surveys, interviews, and observations revealed that countless women suffered from a problem that had no name within the standard lexicon of society at the time. They had achieved the “good life,” and yet they felt unfulfilled. Friedan quoted one particularly articulate young mother: