Time‐Variable Transit Time Distributions in the Hyporheic Zone of a Headwater Mountain Stream

Time‐Variable Transit Time Distributions in the Hyporheic Zone of a Headwater Mountain Stream
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时间——源头山溪的潜流带中的变量渡越时间分布

DOI:
10.1002/2017wr021502
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
5.4
通讯作者:
Wondzell, Steven M.
Wondzell, Steven M.
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ward, Adam S.;Schmadel, Noah M.;Wondzell, Steven M.

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流和它们的潜流区之间的水交换是已知的动态响应于水文强迫,可变的空间,并存在于一个框架与嵌套的流动单元。异质地貌环境、水文强迫和要素间相互作用的预期结果是在空间和时间上高度可变的潜流过境时间。渡越时间分布(TTD)是重要的,因为它们反映了潜流过程的潜在影响地球化学转化和生态系统。在这项研究中,我们模拟时变过境时间分布的基础上动态垂直交换的河源山溪与观察到的,异质的台阶池形态。我们的模拟包括一个600米的河流走廊河段的潜流交换,由连续观测的、时变的水文条件驱动,持续时间超过1年。我们发现,在一个实例中的时间的空间变异性通常大于时间变化的范围。此外,我们发现,除了最极端的水文条件外,所有范围内的TTD都略有变化,这表明TTD在时间上是高度可转移的。最后,我们发现,聚集的年度变化的空间和时间到一个“主TTD”合理地代表了大部分的水文动力学模拟,这表明,这种聚合方法可以提供一个相关的基础,从功能或短距离扩展到整个网络。
Exchange of water between streams and their hyporheic zones is known to be dynamic in response to hydrologic forcing, variable in space, and to exist in a framework with nested flow cells. The expected result of heterogeneous geomorphic setting, hydrologic forcing, and between‐feature interaction is hyporheic transit times that are highly variable in both space and time. Transit time distributions (TTDs) are important as they reflect the potential for hyporheic processes to impact biogeochemical transformations and ecosystems. In this study we simulate time‐variable transit time distributions based on dynamic vertical exchange in a headwater mountain stream with observed, heterogeneous step‐pool morphology. Our simulations include hyporheic exchange over a 600 m river corridor reach driven by continuously observed, time‐variable hydrologic conditions for more than 1 year. We found that spatial variability at an instance in time is typically larger than temporal variation for the reach. Furthermore, we found reach‐scale TTDs were marginally variable under all but the most extreme hydrologic conditions, indicating that TTDs are highly transferable in time. Finally, we found that aggregation of annual variation in space and time into a “master TTD” reasonably represents most of the hydrologic dynamics simulated, suggesting that this aggregation approach may provide a relevant basis for scaling from features or short reaches to entire networks.
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