Distinct Source Water Chemistry Shapes Contrasting Concentration‐Discharge Patterns
Distinct Source Water Chemistry Shapes Contrasting Concentration‐Discharge Patterns
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不同来源的水化学形状形成对比的浓度-排放模式
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
K. Williams
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Zhi;Li Li;W. Dong;Wendy S Brown;J. Kaye;C. Steefel;K. Williams
了解浓度-流量（C-Q）关系对于预测气候和人为条件变化下的化学风化和生物地球化学循环至关重要。对比性的 C-Q 关系已被广泛观察到，但能够解释不同模式的机制框架仍然难以捉摸。这项工作假设，看似不同的 C-Q 模式是由端元源水的主导地位转变及其由地下生物地球化学异质性引起的化学对比驱动的。我们使用来自科罗拉多州高海拔山区流域 Coal Creek 的数据以及最近开发的流域反应传输模型 (BioRT-Flux-PIHM)。敏感性分析和蒙特卡罗模拟（500 个案例）表明，反应动力学和热力学以及源材料在不同深度的分布控制着进入河流的浅层土壤水和深层地下水的化学梯度。干燥条件下有机质贫乏但地质溶质丰富的地下水和春季融化期间有机质丰富但地质溶质贫乏的土壤水交替占主导地位，导致溶解有机碳的冲刷模式和地质溶质（例如钠、钙和镁）的稀释模式。此外，浓度对比的程度通过一般方程 b=δbCratioCratio,1/2+Cratio+bmin 调节 C-Q 模式的幂律斜率 (b)。当土壤水与地下水浓度的比率较低时（Cratio = Csw/Cgw < 0.6），会发生稀释；在高比率（Cratio > 1.8）时，会出现潮红；其间发生化学停滞。该方程定量解释了来自不同气候、地质和土地覆盖条件的三个流域（Coal Creek、Shale Hills 和 Plynlimon）的 11 种溶质（溶解的有机碳、溶解的 P、NO3−、K、Si、Ca、Mg、Na、Al、Mn 和 Fe）的 b 值。这表明在确定 C-Q 模式时地下生物地球化学异质性的潜在广泛调节以及该方程在量化 b 值方面的广泛应用，这对于预测流域尺度的化学风化和生物地球化学转化具有广泛的影响。
Understanding concentration‐discharge (C‐Q) relationships are essential for predicting chemical weathering and biogeochemical cycling under changing climate and anthropogenic conditions. Contrasting C‐Q relationships have been observed widely, yet a mechanistic framework that can interpret diverse patterns remains elusive. This work hypothesizes that seemingly disparate C‐Q patterns are driven by switching dominance of end‐member source waters and their chemical contrasts arising from subsurface biogeochemical heterogeneity. We use data from Coal Creek, a high‐elevation mountainous catchment in Colorado, and a recently developed watershed reactive transport model (BioRT‐Flux‐PIHM). Sensitivity analysis and Monte‐Carlo simulations (500 cases) show that reaction kinetics and thermodynamics and distribution of source materials across depths govern the chemistry gradients of shallow soil water and deeper groundwater entering the stream. The alternating dominance of organic‐poor yet geo‐solute‐rich groundwater under dry conditions and organic‐rich yet geo‐solute‐poor soil water during spring melt leads to the flushing pattern of dissolved organic carbon and the dilution pattern of geogenic solutes (e.g., Na, Ca, and Mg). In addition, the extent of concentration contrasts regulates the power law slopes (b) of C‐Q patterns via a general equation b=δbCratioCratio,1/2+Cratio+bmin . At low ratios of soil water versus groundwater concentrations (Cratio = Csw/Cgw < 0.6), dilution occurs; at high ratios (Cratio > 1.8), flushing arises; chemostasis occurs in between. This equation quantitatively interprets b values of 11 solutes (dissolved organic carbon, dissolved P, NO3−, K, Si, Ca, Mg, Na, Al, Mn, and Fe) from three catchments (Coal Creek, Shale Hills, and Plynlimon) of differing climate, geologic, and land cover conditions. This indicates potentially broad regulation of subsurface biogeochemical heterogeneity in determining C‐Q patterns and wide applications of this equation in quantifying b values, which can have broad implications for predicting chemical weathering and biogeochemical transformation at the watershed scale.
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影响因子：
5
作者：
Peyman Heidari;Li Li-Li;Lixin Jin;J. Williams;S. Brantley
通讯作者：
Peyman Heidari;Li Li-Li;Lixin Jin;J. Williams;S. Brantley
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
P. Sullivan;Marvin Wes Stops;G. Macpherson;Li Li-Li;D. Hirmas;W. Dodds
通讯作者：
P. Sullivan;Marvin Wes Stops;G. Macpherson;Li Li-Li;D. Hirmas;W. Dodds
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
J. Zarnetske;M. Bouda;Benjamin W. Abbott;J. Saiers;P. Raymond
通讯作者：
J. Zarnetske;M. Bouda;Benjamin W. Abbott;J. Saiers;P. Raymond
通过收敛山坡的常年流动解释了页岩源头集水区的化学动力学溶质行为
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Herndon, Elizabeth M.;Steinhoefel, Grit;Dere, Ashlee L.D.;Sullivan, Pamela L.
通讯作者：
Sullivan, Pamela L.
影响因子：
5
作者：
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通讯作者：
Hyojin Kim;J. Bishop;W. Dietrich;I. Fung