Community-level policy responses to state marijuana legalization in Washington State
Community-level policy responses to state marijuana legalization in Washington State
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.02.010
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发表时间：
2017-04-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Richardson, Susan M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dilley, Julia A.;Hitchcock, Laura;Richardson, Susan M.
背景资料：2012年11月，华盛顿州（WA）通过选民倡议502使娱乐大麻市场合法化，包括种植、加工和零售。合法的娱乐大麻零售销售始于2014年7月。作为对州娱乐大麻合法化的回应，该州的一些城市和县已经通过了地方法令，要么进一步规范大麻市场，要么完全禁止大麻。本研究的目的是描述一个国家的背景下，已合法化的娱乐性marijuana market.Methods：大麻相关条例的娱乐性零售的地方一级大麻法规，收集了来自所有142个城市的状态，超过3000居民，并从所有39个县。在地方的政策，作为2016年6月30日-两年后，国家的娱乐市场开放-以规范休闲大麻零售在社区内进行了系统coded.Results：共有125个城市和30个县通过了地方条例，以解决休闲大麻零售销售。多个社区实施了零售市场禁令，包括一些临时禁令（暂停），同时研究是否采取其他政策选择。截至2016年6月30日，该州30%的人口居住在暂时或永久禁止零售的地方。社区最经常颁布分区政策，明确规定大麻企业可以在哪里建立。包括在条例中的其他政策限制营业时间和大麻企业和青年相关的土地使用类型或其他敏感区域之间的距离要求（缓冲区）。结论：国家合法化并不一定会导致统一的社区环境，规范休闲大麻市场。在全州合法化之后，华盛顿内的社区之间的地方条例各不相同。需要进一步研究，以描述这些地方政策如何影响公共卫生和社会结果的变化。(C)2017爱思唯尔B. V.保留所有权利。
Background: Washington State (WA) legalized a recreational marijuana market-including growing, processing and retail sales-through voter initiative 502 in November 2012. Legalized recreational marijuana retail sales began in July 2014. In response to state legalization of recreational marijuana, some cities and counties within the state have passed local ordinances that either further regulated marijuana markets, or banned them completely. The purpose of this study is to describe local-level marijuana regulations on recreational retail sales within the context of a state that had legalized a recreational marijuana market.Methods: Marijuana-related ordinances were collected from all 142 cities in the state with more than 3000 residents and from all 39 counties. Policies that were in place as of June 30, 2016-two years after the state's recreational market opening-to regulate recreational marijuana retail sales within communities were systematically coded.Results: A total of 125 cities and 30 counties had passed local ordinances to address recreational marijuana retail sales. Multiple communities implemented retail market bans, including some temporary bans (moratoria) while studying whether to pursue other policy options. As of June 30, 2016, 30% of the state population lived in places that had temporarily or permanently banned retail sales. Communities most frequently enacted zoning policies explicitly regulating where marijuana businesses could be established. Other policies included in ordinances placed limits on business hours and distance requirements (buffers) between marijuana businesses and youth-related land use types or other sensitive areas.Conclusions: State legalization does not necessarily result in uniform community environments that regulate recreational marijuana markets. Local ordinances vary among communities within Washington following statewide legalization. Further study is needed to describe how such local policies affect variation in public health and social outcomes. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.