Grassroots mapping : tools for participatory and activist cartography
Grassroots mapping : tools for participatory and activist cartography
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草根制图：参与性和积极性制图工具
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
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通讯作者：
Jeffrey Warren
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jeffrey Warren
地理空间工具和信息在城市规划和决策中发挥着重要作用，地图在法律的、环境、政治、土地权利和社会领域有着多种用途。由于工具和技术模糊而昂贵，地图制作的广泛参与和获得其惠益的机会受到限制。这导致世界上大部分人口的地图很差或根本不存在，特别是在城市贫困地区。特别是，公众获取最新和高分辨率卫星图像的机会在很大程度上由政府和大型企业控制。本论文提出了气球和风筝航空摄影作为一种低成本和易于学习的手段来收集航空影像制图，并介绍了一种新的开源在线工具，用于正射校正和合成图像到地图。在一系列案例研究中，社区和活动家在秘鲁利马以及在2010年英国石油公司漏油事件中使用了这些工具和技术，这些案例研究突出表明，更广泛地参与制图可以在宣传中发挥增强权能的作用，以及提高制图素养，为小社区的领土自决创造公平竞争环境的潜力。与其他主要侧重于现有地图数据的展示和解释的地图制作民主化努力相比，该项目强调参与创建新数据的源头-直接对地球表面成像。与此同时，还提供了教育材料，举办了成人和青年讲习班，并有一个活跃的在线参与者社区，这确保了基层测绘做法得到广泛采用。论文导师：媒体艺术与科学大卫博士小副教授计划
Geospatial tools and information play an important role in urban planning and policymaking, and maps have diverse uses in legal, environmental, political, land rights, and social arenas. Widespread participation in mapmaking and access to its benefits is limited by obscure and expensive tools and techniques. This has resulted in poor or nonexistent maps for much of the world’s population, especially in areas of urban poverty. In particular, public access to recent and high-resolution satellite imagery is largely controlled by government and large industry. This thesis proposes balloon and kite aerial photography as a low-cost and easy to learn means to collect aerial imagery for mapping, and introduces a novel open-source online tool for orthorectifying and compositing images into maps. A series of case studies where such tools and techniques were used by communities and activists in Lima, Peru and during the 2010 BP oil spill highlight the empowering role broader participation in cartography can play in advocacy, and the potential for increased cartographic literacy to level the playing field in territorial self-determination for small communities. Compared to other efforts to democratize mapmaking, which focus primarily on the presentation and interpretation of existing map data, this project emphasizes participation in the creation of new data at its source — direct imaging of the earth’s surface. Accompanying educational materials and workshops with adults and youth, as well as an active online community of participants, have ensured wide adoption of Grassroots Mapping practices. Thesis supervisor: Dr. David Small Associate Professor Program in Media Arts and Sciences