An Adaptable Metric Shapes Perceptual Space.
An Adaptable Metric Shapes Perceptual Space.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2016.05.047
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发表时间：
2016-07-25
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Johnston A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hisakata R;Nishida S;Johnston A
在一个空间变化的视觉系统中，我们如何获得世界上点的分离感？视觉方向被认为是通过一个称为局部符号的过程直接编码的，其中神经元充当与其激活相关的感知方向的标记线。然而，视觉方向的分离并没有给出，它们也与感受表面或大脑中的信号分离没有直接关系，这些信号分别通过视网膜和皮层放大进行修改。为了真实地表示方向的分离，需要以某种方式缩放相应的神经信号。我们认为这种缩放过程可能受到适应的影响。在这里，我们描述了一种新的适应范式，它可以改变明显的空间分离和大小。我们测量了两个点的感知分离和适应随机点图案后的几何图形的大小。我们发现，适应高密度纹理不仅增加了明显的稀疏性（平均元素分离）的低密度模式，正如预期的那样，但矛盾的是，它减少了明显的分离点对，并引起明显的几何形状收缩。这第一次证明了感知密度和感知范围之间的相反联系。分离和大小似乎表示相对于一个可变的空间度量，其属性，而不是直接观察到的，揭示了减少表观尺寸和纹理密度。适应高密度的点纹理减少了点对的明显分离，它也引起了几何形式的明显收缩。奇怪的是，相同的适配器使点纹理显得更稀疏。提出了一种新的视觉后效，揭示了空间视觉内的缩放机制的操作。他们表明，适应密集的纹理减少了明显的分离，随后提出的点对。这种效应表明，视觉系统有一个自适应的度量标准，控制着我们对视觉空间的感知。
How do we derive a sense of the separation of points in the world within a space-variant visual system? Visual directions are thought to be coded directly by a process referred to as local sign, in which a neuron acts as a labeled line for the perceived direction associated with its activation. The separations of visual directions, however, are not given, nor are they directly related to the separations of signals on the receptive surface or in the brain, which are modified by retinal and cortical magnification, respectively. To represent the separation of directions veridically, the corresponding neural signals need to be scaled in some way. We considered this scaling process may be influenced by adaptation. Here, we describe a novel adaptation paradigm, which can alter both apparent spatial separation and size. We measured the perceived separation of two dots and the size of geometric figures after adaptation to random dot patterns. We show that adapting to high-density texture not only increases the apparent sparseness (average element separation) of a lower-density pattern, as expected, but paradoxically, it reduces the apparent separation of dot pairs and induces apparent shrinkage of geometric form. This demonstrates for the first time a contrary linkage between perceived density and perceived extent. Separation and size appear to be expressed relative to a variable spatial metric whose properties, while not directly observable, are revealed by reductions in both apparent size and texture density. Adapting to high-density dot textures reduces the apparent separation of dot pairs It also induces an apparent shrinkage of geometric form Paradoxically, the same adaptor makes a dot texture appear sparser The compression effect cannot be ascribed to a window-based size aftereffect Hisakata et al. present a novel visual aftereffect that reveals the operation of a scaling mechanism within spatial vision. They show adaptation to dense texture reduces the apparent separation of subsequently presented dots pairs. This effect demonstrates that the visual system has an adaptable metric that controls our perception of visual space.