OF THOUGHTS UNSPOKEN - SOCIAL INFERENCE AND THE SELF-REGULATION OF BEHAVIOR
OF THOUGHTS UNSPOKEN - SOCIAL INFERENCE AND THE SELF-REGULATION OF BEHAVIOR
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.55.5.685
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发表时间：
1988-11-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
PELHAM, BW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GILBERT, DT;KRULL, DS;PELHAM, BW
一个人试图规范自己的行为会如何影响他对他人的推断？我们建议知觉者先对目标进行倾向性推理（表征），然后用目标行为的约束信息来调整这些推理（修正）。由于纠正比表征更费力，因此将认知资源用于调节自己行为的感知者应该能够表征目标，但无法纠正这些表征。在实验1中，不受管制的受试者无意中忽略了一个无关的刺激，而他们观察到的目标的行为，而自我调节的受试者有目的地忽略相同的无关刺激。在实验2中，不受调节的被试表达了他们对目标的真诚的感情，而自我调节的被试表达了虚假的感情。在这两个实验中，自我调节的受试者不太可能比不受调节的受试者纠正他们对目标的描述。研究结果表明，社会互动（通常需要对正在进行的行为进行自我调节）可能会深刻影响主动感知者处理他人信息的方式。
How do attempts to regulate one's own behavior affect the inferences one draws about others? We suggest that perceivers draw dispositional inferences about targets (characterization) and then adjust those inferences with information about the constraints on the targets' behaviors (correction). Because correction is more effortful than characterization, perceivers who devote cognitive resources to the regulation of their own behavior should be able to characterize targets but unable to correct those characterizations. In Experiment 1, unregulated subjects incidentally ignored an irrelevant stimulus while they observed a target's behavior, whereas self-regulated subjects purposefully ignored the same irrelevant stimulus. In Experiment 2, unregulated subjects expressed their sincere affection toward a target, whereas self-regulated subjects expressed false affection. In both experiments, self-regulated subjects were less likely than unregulated subjects to correct their characterizations of the target. The results suggest that social interaction (which generally requires the self-regulation of ongoing behavior) may profoundly affect the way in which active perceivers process information about others.