They Don't Care if We Die: The Violence of Urban Policing in Puerto Rico
They Don't Care if We Die: The Violence of Urban Policing in Puerto Rico
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DOI：
10.1177/0096144217705485
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发表时间：
2020-09-01
影响因子：
0.4
通讯作者：
LeBron, Marisol
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
LeBron, Marisol
在这篇文章中，我跟踪如何在波多黎各的惩罚性警务加深了现有的种族，空间和阶级为基础的不平等和进一步限制生活的机会，一些波多黎各的最脆弱的公民。为了说明警察如何强化暴力排斥的形式，我专注于“铁拳打击犯罪”，这是一项执法举措，旨在消除与毒品有关的犯罪和暴力，在20世纪90年代，针对岛上的公共住房和其他低收入空间进行联合军事和警察突袭。我认为马诺杜拉通过默许暴力在经济和种族边缘化社区的扩散，促进了风险、伤害和死亡的不均衡分布。虽然执法人员在ringmano duraoperations期间参与了恐吓，骚扰和暴行，但也许是他们实施的将暴力集中在低收入社区的措施，最有助于巴里奥和公共住房居民经历的过早死亡和接近伤害。此外，警察和其他国家官员将这些有等级和种族化的城市空间范围内发生的与毒品有关的暴力和死亡的惊人程度定位为该岛"禁毒战争"的必然副产品。"最终，警察在保护波多黎各人民的主持下进行干预，以及警察故意"未能"防止与非正规毒品经济有关的暴力行为，导致岛上边缘化社区更容易受到伤害和死亡。
In this essay, I trace how punitive policing in Puerto Rico has deepened existing racial, spatial, and class-based inequalities and further limited life chances for some of Puerto Rico's most vulnerable citizens. To demonstrate how policing intensified forms of violent exclusion, I focus onmano dura contra el crimen, or iron fist against crime, a law enforcement initiative that sought to eliminate drug-related crime and violence by targeting public housing and other low-income spaces around the island for joint military and police raids during the 1990s. I argue thatmano durapromoted an uneven distribution of risk, harm, and death by tacitly allowing the proliferation of violence within economically and racially marginalized communities. Although law enforcement agents engaged in acts of intimidation, harassment, and brutality duringmano duraoperations, it is perhaps the measures they implemented to concentrate violence in low-income communities that most contributed to the premature death and proximity to harm that barrio and public housing residents experienced. Furthermore, police and other state officials positioned the alarmingly high levels of drug-related violence and death occurring within the confines of these classed and racialized urban spaces as a necessary by-product of the island's "war on drugs." Ultimately, police intervention under the auspices of protectingel pueblo puertorriqueno, or the Puerto Rican people, as well as those moments when police deliberately "failed" to prevent violence related to the informal drug economy resulted in greater exposure to harm and death for marginalized communities on the island.