The Dual Prey-Inactivation Strategy of Spiders-In-Depth Venomic Analysis of Cupiennius salei
The Dual Prey-Inactivation Strategy of Spiders-In-Depth Venomic Analysis of Cupiennius salei
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DOI：
10.3390/toxins11030167
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发表时间：
2019-03-19
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Nentwig, Wolfgang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kuhn-Nentwig, Lucia;Langenegger, Nicolas;Nentwig, Wolfgang
大多数关于蜘蛛毒液的知识涉及作用于离子通道的神经毒素，而蛋白质及其在毒液作用过程中的重要性被忽视。这里提出的全面分析的毒腺转录组和蛋白质组的Cupiennius salei集中在蛋白质和含半胱氨酸的肽，并提供了新的见解蜘蛛毒液的结构和功能，这里描述为双重猎物灭活策略。蛇毒注射后，以α-淀粉酶、血管紧张素转换酶和富含半胱氨酸的分泌蛋白为主的多种酶和蛋白质与主要代谢途径相互作用，导致细胞内稳态的严重紊乱。透明质酸酶和溶细胞肽破坏组织和细胞膜，从而支持其他毒液化合物的扩散。我们从13个肽家族中检测到81个神经毒素转录本，其中两个家族占所有含半胱氨酸肽的93.7%。这引起了其他低表达肽家族的重要性的问题。在血细胞中的毒液腺特异性防御素样肽和阿加毒素样肽的鉴定提供了关于作为毒素来源的身体蛋白质和肽的招募和新功能化的重要线索。
Most knowledge of spider venom concerns neurotoxins acting on ion channels, whereas proteins and their significance for the envenomation process are neglected. The here presented comprehensive analysis of the venom gland transcriptome and proteome of Cupiennius salei focusses on proteins and cysteine-containing peptides and offers new insight into the structure and function of spider venom, here described as the dual prey-inactivation strategy. After venom injection, many enzymes and proteins, dominated by alpha-amylase, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and cysteine-rich secretory proteins, interact with main metabolic pathways, leading to a major disturbance of the cellular homeostasis. Hyaluronidase and cytolytic peptides destroy tissue and membranes, thus supporting the spread of other venom compounds. We detected 81 transcripts of neurotoxins from 13 peptide families, whereof two families comprise 93.7% of all cysteine-containing peptides. This raises the question of the importance of the other low-expressed peptide families. The identification of a venom gland-specific defensin-like peptide and an aga-toxin-like peptide in the hemocytes offers an important clue on the recruitment and neofunctionalization of body proteins and peptides as the origin of toxins.