From interference to predation: type and effects of direct interspecific interactions of small mammals
From interference to predation: type and effects of direct interspecific interactions of small mammals
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DOI：
10.1007/s00265-011-1217-z
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发表时间：
2011-11-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Eccard, Jana A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liesenjohann, Monique;Liesenjohann, Thilo;Eccard, Jana A.
间接掠夺性竞争、直接干扰和捕食是影响物种共存的重要相互作用。这些互动类型可能会重叠，并随季节和个体的生活史状态而变化。我们在两个季节研究了普通地鼠(Sorex Araneus)的竞争和潜在的巢穴捕食对哺乳期岸鼠(Myodes Glreolus)的影响。这两个物种共存，并可能相互侵略性地互动。此外，地鼠还可以捕食筑巢的田鼠。我们研究了夏季和秋季银行田鼠母亲对地鼠存在的空间和时间适应。此外，我们专注于健康成本，例如，后代存活率下降，在有地鼠的情况下，银行田鼠可能会经历这种情况。在夏天，干扰地鼠减少了田鼠的活动范围，它们在巢外呆的时间更长，但对后代的存活没有影响。在秋天，我们发现在有地鼠的围栏中后代存活率下降，可能是由于地鼠捕食巢或物种之间竞争加剧。我们的结果表明，交互类型之间的转换取决于季节性限制。在夏季，田鼠和地鼠似乎主要通过干扰进行互动，而在秋季，资源竞争和/或地鼠对巢的捕食变得更加重要。不同的食物可获得性、不断变化的环境条件以及今年晚些时候田鼠和地鼠的能量限制可能是相互作用类型的不同组合及其对银行田鼠包容性适合度的影响不断增加的原因。我们的研究为将生活史与行为测量和季节性限制相结合的研究的必要性提供了证据。
Indirect exploitative competition, direct interference and predation are important interactions affecting species coexistence. These interaction types may overlap and vary with the season and life-history state of individuals. We studied effects of competition and potential nest predation by common shrews (Sorex araneus) on lactating bank voles (Myodes glareolus) in two seasons. The species coexist and may interact aggressively. Additionally, shrews can prey on nestling voles. We studied bank vole mothers' spatial and temporal adaptations to shrew presence during summer and autumn. Further, we focused on fitness costs, e.g. decreased offspring survival, which bank voles may experience in the presence of shrews. In summer, interference with shrews decreased the voles' home ranges and they spent more time outside the nest, but there were no effects on offspring survival. In autumn, we found decreased offspring survival in enclosures with shrews, potentially due to nest predation by shrews or by increased competition between species. Our results indicate a shift between interaction types depending on seasonal constraints. In summer, voles and shrews seem to interact mainly by interference, whereas resource competition and/or nest predation by shrews gain importance in autumn. Different food availability, changing environmental conditions and the energetic constraints in voles and shrews later in the year may be the reasons for the varying combinations of interaction types and their increasing effects on the inclusive fitness of bank voles. Our study provides evidence for the need of studies combining life history with behavioural measurements and seasonal constraints.