Respiratory exposures associated with silicon carbide production: estimation of cumulative exposures for an epidemiological study.
Respiratory exposures associated with silicon carbide production: estimation of cumulative exposures for an epidemiological study.
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与碳化硅生产相关的呼吸暴露：流行病学研究的累积暴露估计。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1984
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Harkonen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Stewart;W. Brocker;H. V. Davis;G. Nagle;A. Andersen;N. Wald;J. Boreham;R. Doll;H. Shannon;Wendy S. Wright;R. Sherwin;Elizabeth A Dickson;L. Bernstein;J. B. Fromm;B. E. Henderson;E. Gendek;G. Bartosz;J. Douglas;P. Duncan;M. Huuskonen;K. Husman;M. Kotimaa;T. Kuusela;H. Nordman;J. Nickels;E. Taskinen;M. Nyberg;P. Thomas;P. Corey;T. Smith;H. Harkonen
碳化硅是通过在电炉中将石油焦和硅砂的混合物加热至约2000摄氏度36小时来生产的。在加热过程中，释放出大量的一氧化碳，焦炭中残留的硫产生二氧化硫，焦炭热解产生碳氢化合物烟雾。装载和卸载熔炉会导致暴露于含有结晶二氧化硅、碳化硅和碳氢化合物的可吸入粉尘。1980年秋，对个人暴露于空气污染物的情况进行了广泛的测量。二氧化硫的8小时时间加权暴露范围为小于0.1 ppm至1.5 ppm，可吸入参与暴露范围为0.01 mg/m3至9.0 mg/m3。工作中接触颗粒物的几何平均数为0.1 mg/m3至1.46 mg/m3。微粒中含有不同量的α-石英，范围从小于1%到17%，大多数石英暴露量基本上低于100微克/立方米的阈值限值。在微粒中仅发现痕量方石英（小于1%）。估计了每项工作中空气污染物的中位数。由于该工厂的运营在过去30年中一直稳定，因此可以估计工人长期接触二氧化硫、可吸入颗粒物、石英、总无机物和可提取有机物的情况。每名工人的累积暴露量（平均浓度乘以暴露持续时间）是根据其工作经历估算的。二氧化硫和可吸入颗粒物累积暴露量有足够的独立可变性，可以对其独立影响进行可行的评估。介绍了使用累积暴露指数的理论依据及其在流行病学应用中的不足。
Silicon carbide is produced by heating a mixture of petroleum coke and silica sand to approximately 2000 degrees C in an electric furnace for 36 hours. During heating, large amounts of carbon monoxide are released, sulphur dioxide is produced from residual sulphur in the coke, and hydrocarbon fume is produced by pyrolysis of the coke. Loading and unloading furnaces causes exposures to respirable dust containing crystalline silica, silicon carbide, and hydrocarbons. In the autumn of 1980 extensive measurements were made of personal exposures to air contaminants. Eight hour time weighted exposures to sulphur dioxide ranged from less than 0.1 ppm to 1.5 ppm and respirable participate exposures ranged from 0.01 mg/m3 to 9.0 mg/m3. Geometric mean particulate exposures for jobs ranged from 0.1 mg/m3 to 1.46 mg/m3. The particulate contained varying amounts of alpha-quartz, ranging from less than 1% to 17%, and most quartz exposures were substantially below the threshold limit value of 100 micrograms/m3. Only traces of cristobalite (less than 1%) were found in the particulate. Median exposures to air contaminants in each job were estimated. Since the operations at the plant had been stable over the past 30 years, it was possible to estimate long term exposures of workers to sulphur dioxide, respirable particulate, quartz, total inorganic material, and extractable organic material. Cumulative exposure (average concentration times exposure duration) for each of the air contaminants was estimated for each worker using his job history. There was sufficient independent variability in the sulphur dioxide and respirable particulate cumulative exposures to make an assessment of their independent effects feasible. The theoretical basis for using the cumulative exposure index and its shortcomings for epidemiological applications were presented.