Regulation of SNARE-mediated membrane fusion during exocytosis.
Regulation of SNARE-mediated membrane fusion during exocytosis.
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DOI：
10.1021/cr0782325
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发表时间：
2008-04
期刊：
影响因子：
62.1
通讯作者：
J. McNew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. McNew
细胞内蛋白质和脂质的主要递送机制是分泌途径，其中囊泡运输中间体将货物从一个膜结合区室运送到下一个。这个过程需要一个精心策划的方法来产生这些运输囊泡，并确保它们通过膜融合被递送到适当的目的地。许多关于囊泡产生和消耗的分子细节是已知的。这篇综述将集中在分泌途径的最后一步，胞吐的机制和调节。低等真核生物如面包酵母Saccharomyces cereVisiae的分子遗传学和细胞生物学已经与脊椎动物系统（主要是神经元或神经外分泌细胞）的生物化学、电生理学和形态学研究相补充。这些不同的方法和实验模型的联盟已经确定了胞吐作用的基本机制，并提供了一般的作用机制。在更复杂的细胞中发现的额外调节机制似乎建立在所有真核生物中发现的共同基础上。每个真核细胞都进行胞吐作用。虽然模型系统已被广泛研究，但我们对许多其他系统中的这一过程的了解仍然是初步的。然而，鉴于相同的一般原理似乎在酵母和人中起作用，可以预期相同的范例适用。
The primary delivery mechanism for proteins and lipids within the cell is the secretory pathway where vesicular transport intermediates ferry cargo from one membrane-bound compartment to the next. This process requires a carefully orchestrated method to generate these transport vesicles and ensure that they are delivered to the appropriate destination by membrane fusion. Many of the molecular details regarding vesicle production and consumption are known. This Review will focus on the mechanism and regulation of exocytosis, the final step in the secretory pathway. Molecular genetics and cell biology in lower eukaryotes such as the baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cereVisiae have been complemented with biochemical, electrophysiological, and morphological studies in vertebrate systems, primarily neurons or neuroexocrine cells. The union of these diverse methods and experimental models has identified the basic machinery of exocytosis and provided general mechanisms of action. The additional regulatory mechanisms found in more complex cells appear to be built upon a common foundation found in all eukaryotes. Every eukaryotic cell conducts the business of exocytosis. While model systems have been studied extensively, our knowledge of this process in many other systems remains rudimentary. However, given that the same general principles appear to be operational in yeast and man, one can expect that the same paradigms apply.