The plant Mediator and its role in noncoding RNA production.
The plant Mediator and its role in noncoding RNA production.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11515-011-1133-7
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发表时间：
2011-04-01
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介体是动物、植物和真菌中保守的多蛋白复合物，是RNA聚合酶II（Pol II）的辅因子。已知其促进基础Pol II介导的转录以及桥接序列特异性转录调节因子和Pol II以整合调节信息。Pol II不仅转录蛋白质编码基因，还转录基因间区域以产生非编码RNA，如小RNA（microRNA和小干扰RNA）和长非编码RNA。有趣的是，两种植物特异性聚合酶，Pol IV和Pol V，已经从Pol II进化而来，并在异染色质区域的小干扰RNA和长非编码RNA的产生中发挥作用，以通过转录基因沉默（TGS）来维持基因组稳定性。最近的研究已经确定了植物介体的组成，并评估了其在非编码RNA生产中的作用与Pol II，Pol IV和Pol V的关系。在这里，我们回顾了介体和Pol II，Pol IV和Pol V在植物中产生的非编码RNA的功能，并讨论了介体通过非编码RNA生产在表观遗传调控中的作用。
Mediator, a conserved multiprotein complex in animals, plants, and fungi, is a cofactor of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II). It is known to promote basal Pol II-mediated transcription as well as bridge sequence-specific transcriptional regulators and Pol II to integrate regulatory information. Pol II transcribes not only protein-coding genes but also intergenic regions to generate noncoding RNAs such as small RNAs (microRNAs and small interfering RNAs) and long noncoding RNAs. Intriguingly, two plant-specific polymerases, Pol IV and Pol V, have evolved from Pol II and play a role in the production of small interfering RNAs and long noncoding RNAs at heterochromatic regions to maintain genome stability through transcriptional gene silencing (TGS). Recent studies have defined the composition of the plant Mediator and evaluated its role in noncoding RNA production in relationship to Pol II, Pol IV and Pol V. Here, we review the functions of Mediator and that of noncoding RNAs generated by Pol II, Pol IV and Pol V in plants, and discuss a role of Mediator in epigenetic regulation via noncoding RNA production.