Do aposematism and Batesian mimicry require bright colours? A test, using European viper markings
Do aposematism and Batesian mimicry require bright colours? A test, using European viper markings
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警诫和贝茨模仿需要鲜艳的色彩吗？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Christopher P Pollard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Wüster;Christopher S E Allum;I. B. Bjargardóttir;Kimberley L. Bailey;Karen J Dawson;Jamel Guenioui;J. Lewis;Joe McGurk;Ali Moore;M. Niskanen;Christopher P Pollard
捕食者避免有毒猎物，警戒和防御性模仿通常与明亮，对比鲜明的图案和颜色有关。然而，有害的猎物可能无法进化出明显的颜色，因为其他的选择性限制，如需要不显眼的自己的猎物或专业的捕食者。许多毒蛇，特别是大多数毒蛇，显示模式，显然是神秘的，但仍然高度特征，似乎是模仿其他，无毒的蛇。然而，捕食者回避毒蛇模式从来没有被实验证明。在这里，813鸟类攻击12 636橡皮泥蛇模型在现场的分析表明，模型轴承的特征锯齿带的加法器（蝰蛇berus）的攻击频率显着低于平原模型。这表明，捕食者避免不显眼，但典型的模式有害的猎物是可能的。我们的研究结果强调了模仿在高级蛇的生态和形态多样化中的重要性。
Predator avoidance of noxious prey, aposematism and defensive mimicry are normally associated with bright, contrasting patterns and colours. However, noxious prey may be unable to evolve conspicuous coloration because of other selective constraints, such as the need to be inconspicuous to their own prey or to specialist predators. Many venomous snakes, particularly most vipers, display patterns that are apparently cryptic, but nevertheless highly characteristic, and appear to be mimicked by other, non–venomous snakes. However, predator avoidance of viper patterns has never been demonstrated experimentally. Here, the analysis of 813 avian attacks on 12 636 Plasticine snake models in the field shows that models bearing the characteristic zigzag band of the adder (Vipera berus) are attacked significantly less frequently than plain models. This suggests that predator avoidance of inconspicuously but characteristically patterned noxious prey is possible. Our findings emphasize the importance of mimicry in the ecological and morphological diversification of advanced snakes.