Big Choanae, Larger Face: Scaling Patterns Between Cranial Airways in Modern Humans and African Apes and Their Significance in Middle and Late Pleistocene Hominin Facial Evolution
Big Choanae, Larger Face: Scaling Patterns Between Cranial Airways in Modern Humans and African Apes and Their Significance in Middle and Late Pleistocene Hominin Facial Evolution
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DOI：
10.3166/bmsap-2019-0055
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发表时间：
2019-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Bastir
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Bastir
本研究旨在了解颅气道前后开口与面部尺寸之间的个体发育和异速生长关系，以揭示中更新世人族和尼安德特人大脸和大气道进化的机制。研究人员通过测量403个头骨的面部骨骼和气道结构的三维标志来计算尺寸，这些头骨分别来自智人和类人猿两个个体发生系列、大猩猩成年样本和11个中更新世人族和尼安德特人。RMA回归模型用于比较前后气道之间的缩放模式与整体面部尺寸的关系。我们的研究结果表明，与后气道的大小相比，前气道的大小与面部大小呈正相关。这种个体发生机制可以解释尼安德特人谱系中的大脸和大鼻子，尽管这种表型对寒冷气候下的呼吸调节有不利影响。大的面部尺寸可能是发育受限的结果，因为在这个大脑袋、重身体的古人类谱系中，气道足够大，可以为高能量需求提供必要的氧气。
This study aimed to understand the ontogenetic and allometric relationships in scaling between the anterior and posterior openings of the cranial airways and facial size, in order to shed light on the mechanisms that might underlie the evolution of a large face and large airways in Middle Pleistocene hominins and Neandertals. Sizes were calculated from 3D landmarks measured on the facial skeleton and airway structures of 403 skulls from two ontogenetic series of H. sapiens and P. troglodytes, an adult sample of gorillas and 11 Middle Pleistocene hominins and Neandertals. RMA regression models were used to compare the patterns in scaling between the anterior and posterior airways in relation to overall facial size. Our results show that the size of the anterior airways correlates more positively with facial size than the size of the posterior airways. This ontogenetic mechanism could explain the large faces and noses in the Neandertal lineage despite the adverse effects of such a phenotype for respiratory air-conditioning in cold climates. A large facial size could be a developmentally constrained consequence of generating airways large enough to provide the necessary oxygen for high energy demand in this large-brained and heavy-bodied hominin lineage.