Inflammatory mediators in allergic rhinitis
Inflammatory mediators in allergic rhinitis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaci.2004.08.043
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
影响因子：
14.2
通讯作者：
Gelfand, Erwin W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gelfand, Erwin W.
变应性鼻炎(AR)是全身性疾病的一部分。变应性鼻炎与哮喘有着密切的关系，这导致了一种呼吸道、一种疾病的概念。这两种情况都有共同的免疫病理学和病理生理学。在AR患者中，过敏原触发的早期和晚期反应是由一系列炎症细胞介导的。在与变应原接触的几分钟内，IgE敏感的肥大细胞脱颗粒，释放预先形成的和新合成的介质。鼻腔和支气管组织中的免疫过程涉及T(H)2淋巴细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞。嗜酸性粒细胞是以晚期变态反应为特征的慢性炎症过程中的主要细胞。嗜酸性粒细胞释放一系列促炎介质，包括半胱氨酰白三烯、阳离子蛋白、嗜酸性粒细胞过氧化物酶和主要碱性蛋白，可能是IL-3、IL-5、GM-CSF和IL-13的主要来源。神经肽似乎也与AR症状的病理生理学有关。变应性鼻炎和哮喘在症状严重程度上都表现出明显的昼夜变化。认识到AR的时间生物学和抗过敏药物的昼夜节律相关属性可能会增强过敏治疗的有益效果。(《过敏与免疫杂志》2004；114：S135-8。)
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is part of a systemic disease complex. There is a close relationship between AR and asthma, which has led to the "one airway, one disease" concept. Both conditions share common immunopathology and pathophysiology. In patients with AR, allergen-triggered early and late responses are mediated by a series of inflammatory cells. Within minutes of contact with allergen, IgE-sensitized mast cells degranulate, releasing both preformed and newly synthesized mediators. Immunologic processes in both nasal and bronchial tissue involve T(H)2 lymphocytes and eosinophils. Eosinophils are the predominant cell in the chronic inflammatory process characteristic of the late-phase allergic response. Eosinophils release an array of proinflammatory mediators, including cysteinyl leukotrienes, cationic proteins, eosinophil peroxidase, and major basic protein, and might serve as a major source of IL-3, IL-5, GM-CSF, and IL-13. Neuropeptides also appear to contribute to the pathophysiology of AR symptoms. Both AR and asthma exhibit marked day-night variation in symptom severity. Acknowledging both the chronobiology of AR and circadian rhythm-dependent attributes of antiallergy medications might enhance the beneficial effects of allergy therapies. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 114: S135-8.)