Maternal neglect: oxytocin, dopamine and the neurobiology of attachment.
Maternal neglect: oxytocin, dopamine and the neurobiology of attachment.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02228.x
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发表时间：
2011-11
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Strathearn L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Strathearn L
忽视产妇，包括忽视身体和情感，是一个普遍存在的公共卫生挑战，对儿童健康和发育产生严重的长期影响。本文的目的是提供一个概述的神经生物学基础的孕产妇忽视，以更好地了解如何预防和应对孕产妇忽视。从动物和人类的研究中，确定了关键的生物系统，有助于产妇分娩行为，重点是催产素能和多巴胺能系统。中皮质边缘和黑质纹状体多巴胺通路有助于处理婴儿相关的感觉线索，导致行为反应。催产素可以激活多巴胺能奖励通路，以响应社会线索。总结了人类神经影像学研究，这些研究表明动物和人类的母亲在大脑中的反应是相似的。通过比较人类成人依恋的不同模式，我们可以更清楚地了解母亲大脑和内分泌反应的差异如何导致母亲忽视。例如，在可能与情感忽视相关的不安全/轻视型依恋中，我们看到中皮质边缘多巴胺奖励系统对婴儿面部线索的激活减少，以及外周催产素对母婴接触的反应减少。我们目前正在测试是否鼻内催产素的管理，作为随机安慰剂对照试验的一部分，可能会扭转这些神经系统的差异，并可能增加对母亲忽视的心理和行为干预。
Maternal neglect, including physical and emotional neglect, is a pervasive public health challenge with serious long-term effects on child health and development. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the neurobiological basis of maternal caregiving, in order to better understand how to prevent and respond to maternal neglect. Drawing from both animal and human studies, key biological systems are identified which contribute to maternal caregiving behavior, focusing on the oxytocinergic and dopaminergic systems. Mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine pathways contribute to the processing of infant-related sensory cues leading to a behavioral response. Oxytocin may activate the dopaminergic reward pathways in response to social cues. Human neuroimaging studies are summarized which demonstrate parallels between animal and human maternal caregiving responses in the brain. By comparing different patterns of human adult attachment, we gain a clearer understanding of how differences in maternal brain and endocrine responses may contribute to maternal neglect. For example, in insecure/dismissing attachment, which may be associated with emotional neglect, we see reduced activation of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine reward system in response to infant face cues, as well as decreased peripheral oxytocin response to mother-infant contact. We are currently testing whether administration of intranasal oxytocin, as part of a randomized placebo controlled trial, may reverse some of these neurological differences, and potentially augment psychosocial and behavioral interventions for maternal neglect.