Pipelines of Pork
Pipelines of Pork
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猪肉管道
DOI：
10.1177/0010414005277020
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Ethan Scheiner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ethan Scheiner
自1955年以来，自民党（LDP）一直主导着日本政治，而该党在地方选举中的更大优势是其主要原因。本文试图解释日本地方选举的结果，集中在日本政治制度的两个关键特征：政府财政的高度集中和强调客户交换。由于日本的政治体系非常注重客户主义的商品分配，地方政客和在地方选举中投票的选民有动机与能够获得国家预算的政党结盟。由于日本的公共资金主要由中央政府控制，因此控制国家预算的政党将最有可能受益。简而言之，日本的中央集权和裙带关系体制帮助自民党在日本大部分地区几乎垄断了地方权力。
The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) has dominated Japanese politics since 1955, and the party’s even greater dominance of subnational level elections is much of the reason why. This article seeks to explain local electoral outcomes in Japan by focusing on two key features of the Japanese political system: the heavy centralization of governmental finances and an emphasis on clientelistic exchange. Because Japan’s political system focuses so heavily on the clientelist distribution of goods, local politicians and voters casting ballots in local elections have an incentive to align with parties that have access to the state budget. Because Japan’s public funds are primarily controlled by the central government, parties that control the national budget will be the most likely to benefit. In short, Japan’s fiscally centralized and clientelist system helps generate for the LDP a near monopoly on local power across most of Japan.