Wintertime Orographic Cloud Seeding—A Review

Wintertime Orographic Cloud Seeding—A Review
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冬季地形云播种——回顾

DOI:
10.1175/jamc-d-18-0341.1
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
3
通讯作者:
Parkinson, Shaun
Parkinson, Shaun
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rauber, Robert M.;Geerts, Bart;Xue, Lulin;French, Jeffrey;Friedrich, Katja;Rasmussen, Roy M.;Tessendorf, Sarah A.;Blestrud, Derek R.;Kunkel, Melvin L.;Parkinson, Shaun

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本文回顾了过去60年来进行的研究,以了解和量化冬季地形云催化的功效,以增加冬季积雪和水供应的山区盆地。作为冬季地形云系降水增强方法的基本假设是,云的自然降水效率可以通过将过冷水转化为上游和山脉上的冰来提高,以这种方式,新产生的冰粒可以生长并作为指定目标区域的额外雪落到地面。该综述总结了旨在评估这一基本假设的物理,统计和建模研究的结果,重点是利用现代仪器和先进的计算能力的最近实验的结果。评估和操作的最新进展也进行了审查,并建议未来的实验,过去的实验的成功和失败的基础上,给出。
This paper reviews research conducted over the last six decades to understand and quantify the efficacy of wintertime orographic cloud seeding to increase winter snowpack and water supplies within a mountain basin. The fundamental hypothesis underlying cloud seeding as a method to enhance precipitation from wintertime orographic cloud systems is that a cloud’s natural precipitation efficiency can be enhanced by converting supercooled water to ice upstream and over a mountain range in such a manner that newly created ice particles can grow and fall to the ground as additional snow on a specified target area. The review summarizes the results of physical, statistical, and modeling studies aimed at evaluating this underlying hypothesis, with a focus on results from more recent experiments that take advantage of modern instrumentation and advanced computation capabilities. Recent advances in assessment and operations are also reviewed, and recommendations for future experiments, based on the successes and failures of experiments of the past, are given.
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