Microbial diversity and biogeochemistry of the Guaymas Basin deep-sea hydrothermal plume
Microbial diversity and biogeochemistry of the Guaymas Basin deep-sea hydrothermal plume
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02177.x
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Tebo, Bradley M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dick, Gregory J.;Tebo, Bradley M.
热液羽状流是深海微生物生态地球化学研究的热点，但目前对羽状流中微生物的多样性和生态学研究甚少。最近的地球化学证据表明，Mn（II）氧化在瓜伊马斯盆地（GB）热液羽是微生物介导的，并建议羽微生物群落是不同于深海社区。在这里，我们使用的分子方法来比较微生物多样性的GB羽和背景的深海海水社区，和培养，以确定Mn（II）-氧化细菌的羽和沉积物。尽管显着的差异，Mn（II）的氧化率之间的羽和背景海水，微生物多样性和成员是非常相似的。所有细菌克隆库均以γ-变形菌属为主，古细菌克隆库以泉古菌属为主。两个谱系，无论是遗传相关的甲烷氧化菌和/或甲基营养菌，一贯过度的羽。八锰（II）氧化细菌被分离出来，但没有这些或以前确定的锰（II）氧化剂是丰富的克隆库。与Mn（II）氧化率在实验室培养和在现场测量，这些结果表明，Mn（II）氧化在GB热液羽介导的基因组水平的动态（基因含量和/或表达）的微生物是土著和丰富的深海，但尚未被确定为Mn（II）氧化剂。
P>Hydrothermal plumes are hot spots of microbial biogeochemistry in the deep ocean, yet little is known about the diversity or ecology of microorganisms inhabiting plumes. Recent biogeochemical evidence shows that Mn(II) oxidation in the Guaymas Basin (GB) hydrothermal plume is microbially mediated and suggests that the plume microbial community is distinct from deep-sea communities. Here we use a molecular approach to compare microbial diversity in the GB plume and in background deep seawater communities, and cultivation to identify Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria from plumes and sediments. Despite dramatic differences in Mn(II) oxidation rates between plumes and background seawater, microbial diversity and membership were remarkably similar. All bacterial clone libraries were dominated by Gammaproteobacteria and archaeal clone libraries were dominated by Crenarchaeota. Two lineages, both phylogenetically related to methanotrophs and/or methylotrophs, were consistently over-represented in the plume. Eight Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria were isolated, but none of these or previously identified Mn(II) oxidizers were abundant in clone libraries. Taken together with Mn(II) oxidation rates measured in laboratory cultures and in the field, these results suggest that Mn(II) oxidation in the GB hydrothermal plume is mediated by genome-level dynamics (gene content and/or expression) of microorganisms that are indigenous and abundant in the deep sea but have yet to be unidentified as Mn(II) oxidizers.