Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 8: Tetrameric Structure and Protein Substrate Specificity.

Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 8: Tetrameric Structure and Protein Substrate Specificity.
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DOI:
10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00995
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发表时间:
2015-12-29
期刊:
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Ho MC
Ho MC
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lee WC;Lin WL;Matsui T;Chen ES;Wei TY;Lin WH;Hu H;Zheng YG;Tsai MD;Ho MC

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I型蛋白质精氨酸甲基转移酶(PRMT)催化各种蛋白质的不对称二甲基化,并且它们的失调通常与肿瘤发生或发育缺陷相关。近年来的研究主要集中在肽类底物的体内底物鉴定和酶的作用机制上。然而,PRMT如何在蛋白质水平上识别底物仍然是未知的。PRMT 8是最少表征的I型PRMT之一,并且其晶体结构尚未报道。在这里,我们报告了PRMT 8:SAH复合物的晶体结构,鉴定了一种新的非组蛋白底物NIFK,并发现了一个以前未知的识别NIFK所需的调控区域。PRMT 8在溶液中以四聚体的形式存在,而不是其他I型PRMT的规范二聚体结构。使用X射线晶体学结合小角X射线散射实验,提出了二聚体的二聚体结构,其中两个PRMT 8二聚体主要通过β链相互作用保持在一起。PRMT 8-β15的突变阻碍了NIFK的甲基化,但仍然允许组蛋白H2 A/H2 B二聚体或肽底物的甲基化,这表明了识别蛋白质底物的可能结构基础。最后,我们观察到两个PRMT 8二聚体取向导致开放(无SAH)和封闭(与SAH结合)构象。通过对PRMT 1/8分子开放构象和闭合构象的比较,为PRMT 1/8抑制剂的设计提供了有用的信息。
Type I protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze asymmetric dimethylation of various proteins, and their dysregulations often correlate with tumorigenesis or developmental deficiency. Recent studies have focused on the in vivo substrate identification and the enzyme mechanism with peptide substrates. However, how PRMTs recognize substrates at the protein level remains unknown. PRMT8 is one of the least characterized type I PRMTs, and its crystal structure has not been reported. Here, we report the crystal structure of the PRMT8:SAH complex, identify a new non-histone protein substrate NIFK, and uncover a previously unknown regulatory region specifically required for recognizing NIFK. Instead of the canonical dimeric structure for other type I PRMTs, PRMT8 exists as a tetramer in solution. Using X-ray crystallography in combination with small-angle X-ray scattering experiments, the dimer of dimers architecture in which two PRMT8 dimers are held together mainly by β strand interactions was proposed. Mutation of PRMT8-β15 impedes the methylation of NIFK but still allows methylation of the histone H2A/H2B dimer or a peptide substrate, suggesting a possible structural basis for recognition of protein substrates. Lastly, we observed two PRMT8 dimer orientations resulting in open (without SAH) and closed (with SAH bound) conformations. The comparison between open and closed conformations may provide useful information for PRMT1/8 inhibitor design.
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